Thermoprotection by glycine betaine and choline

Caldas, Teresa; Demont-Caulet, Nathalie; Ghazi, Alexandre; Richarme, Gilbert

doi:10.1099/00221287-145-9-2543

Cited by 170 publications

(146 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Its effect on thermoprotection in an osmotic context can be explained through its osmoprotective properties by which GB decrease the deleterious effect of osmotic stress and so decrease the osmotic signal, inducing a cellular response of thermoprotection. Caldas et al [3] have demonstrated that thermoprotection of Escherichia coli is enhanced by GB when cells were stressed at 42 °C. Although a physiological overlap between osmotolerance and thermotolerance has been demonstrated [14,27], the effect of the osmoprotectant is not clear.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus thermotolerance

Gouesbet

Jan

Boyaval

2001

Lait

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-Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus is a lactic acid bacterium widely used in the dairy food industry. Since the industrial processes are a succession of constraints, it is essential to understand the behaviour of L. bulgaricus when facing usual stresses. The influence of heat stress was investigated on the viability of L. bulgaricus cells grown in a chemically defined medium. The susceptibility of cells to heat-shock was obvious only above 55 °C. We investigated the acquisition of thermotolerance as a result of exposure to a moderate heat-shock, and the acquisition of a crossstress-tolerance by exposure to a mild osmotic stress. When cells were submitted, before lethal temperature challenge (65 °C), to a heat pre-treatment at 50 °C or to a hyper-osmotic pre-treatment, the viability of cells increased. For the industrial strain RD 546, the addition of glycine betaine (GB) in 0.4 mol . L -1 NaCl during the pre-treatment decreased the acquired thermotolerance, while GB alone enhanced cell viability. The thermotolerance of the type strain was not influenced by GB. We demonstrated that the stress tolerance induced by a moderate heat-shock was dependent on protein synthesis, while the effect of GB on RD 546 thermotolerance was independent of such biosynthesis. Thermotolerance acquired in presence of GB depends on a strain-dependant mechanism that differs from the mechanism involved after a moderate heat-shock.heat-shock response / cross-protection / osmotic stress / betaine / thermoadaptation Résumé -Stress thermique et thermotolérance chez Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus. Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus est une bactérie lactique largement utilisée en industrie alimentaire. Les procédés industriels étant une succession de contraintes, il est essentiel de connaître le comportement de L. bulgaricus face aux stress rencontrés. L'influence du stress thermique sur la viabilité de 2 souches de L. bulgaricus, cultivées en milieu chimiquement défini, a été étudiée. La viabilité des cellules n'est affectée qu'au-delà de 55 °C. Les cellules acquièrent une thermotolérance vis-à-vis d'un choc thermique à 65 °C durant 10 min, c'est-à-dire une viabilité accrue, après exposition à un prétraitement thermique modéré à 50 °C ou un prétraitement hyperosmotique. Pour la

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although a physiological overlap between osmotolerance and thermotolerance has been demonstrated [14,27], the effect of the osmoprotectant is not clear. From Caldas et al's [3] hypothesis, GB could act as a chemical chaperone at an intracellular concentration as low as 50 mmol . L -1 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus thermotolerance

Gouesbet

Jan

Boyaval

2001

Lait

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“…This operon encodes a betaine/carnitine/choline ABC transporter and has previously been shown to be responsible for the accumulation of osmolytes in response to salt, acid and cold stress (Sleator et al, 2001;Wemekamp-Kamphuis et al, 2004). Notably, these osmolytes have also been shown to provide protection during heat exposure of B. subtilis (Holtmann & Bremer, 2004) and Escherichia coli (Caldas et al, 1999), though no increase in their intracellular concentration was observed.…”

Section: Stress-response Genesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The heat-shock response of Listeria monocytogenes comprises genes involved in heat shock, cell division, cell wall synthesis, and the SOS response

et al. 2007

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The food-borne pathogen Listeria monocytogenes has the ability to survive extreme environmental conditions due to an extensive interacting network of stress responses. It is able to grow and survive at relatively high temperatures in comparison with other non-sporulating food-borne pathogens. To investigate the heat-shock response of L. monocytogenes, whole-genome expression profiles of cells that were grown at 37 6C and exposed to 48 6C were examined using DNA microarrays. Transcription levels were measured over a 40 min period after exposure of the culture to 48 6C and compared with those of unexposed cultures at 37 6C. After 3 min, 25 % of all genes were differentially expressed, while after 40 min only 2 % of all genes showed differential expression, indicative of the transient nature of the heat-shock response. The global transcriptional response was validated by analysing the expression of a set of 13 genes by quantitative PCR. Genes previously identified as part of the class I and class III heat-shock response and the class II stress response showed induction at one or more of the time points investigated. This is believed to be the first study to report that several heat-shock-induced genes are part of the SOS response in L. monocytogenes. Furthermore, numerous differentially expressed genes that have roles in the cell division machinery or cell wall synthesis were down-regulated. This expression pattern is in line with the observation that heat shock results in cell elongation and prevention of cell division.

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“…First, these bacteria may maintain these pools as preemptive hedges against future insults (102). GB is a protectant against osmostress, temperature stress, and oxidative stress, and has a role in maintenance of intracellular pH (98,(108)(109)(110). Therefore, perhaps GB is stored in these bacteria to provide enhanced survival and recovery from unexpected insults that provide a survival benefit versus bacteria that do not have such storage systems.…”

Section: Gb Storage: Protection For the Future?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Homeostasis and Catabolism of Choline and Glycine Betaine: Lessons from Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Wargo

2013

Appl Environ Microbiol

155

121

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Most sequenced bacteria possess mechanisms to import choline and glycine betaine (GB) into the cytoplasm. The primary role of choline in bacteria appears to be as the precursor to GB, and GB is thought to primarily act as a potent osmoprotectant. Choline and GB may play accessory roles in shaping microbial communities, based on their limited availability and ability to enhance survival under stress conditions. Choline and GB enrichment near eukaryotes suggests a role in the chemical relationships between these two kingdoms, and some of these interactions have been experimentally demonstrated. While many bacteria can convert choline to GB for osmoprotection, a variety of soil-and water-dwelling bacteria have catabolic pathways for the multistep conversion of choline, via GB, to glycine and can thereby use choline and GB as sole sources of carbon and nitrogen. In these choline catabolizers, the GB intermediate represents a metabolic decision point to determine whether GB is catabolized or stored as an osmo-and stress protectant. This minireview focuses on this decision point in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which aerobically catabolizes choline and can use GB as an osmoprotectant and a nutrient source. P. aeruginosa is an experimentally tractable and ecologically relevant model to study the regulatory pathways controlling choline and GB homeostasis in choline-catabolizing bacteria. The study of P. aeruginosa associations with eukaryotes and other bacteria also makes this a powerful model to study the impact of choline and GB, and their associated regulatory and catabolic pathways, on host-microbe and microbe-microbe relationships.

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Thermoprotection by glycine betaine and choline

Cited by 170 publications

References 26 publications

Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus thermotolerance

Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus thermotolerance

The heat-shock response of Listeria monocytogenes comprises genes involved in heat shock, cell division, cell wall synthesis, and the SOS response

Homeostasis and Catabolism of Choline and Glycine Betaine: Lessons from Pseudomonas aeruginosa

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