Thermoregulation in the horse in response to exercise

Hodgson, David; Davis, R E; McCONAGHY, Finola F.

doi:10.1016/s0007-1935(05)80003-x

Cited by 135 publications

(145 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Although reductions due to faecal and respiratory water losses during the test [11] may have influenced the calculations, weight loss can nonetheless be held to reflect the water lost through sweating [15]. Weight loss was considerable in absolute terms (from 6 to 14 kg) and was in line with the values reported by Gatta et al [7] and McCutcheon et al [19] in horses subjected to submaximal exercise.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 76%

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Effects of the Daily Administration of a Rehydrating Supplement to Trotter Horses

Falaschini

Marangoni

Rizzi

et al. 2005

JES

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An interesting aspect of athlete horse management is connected with the effects of the profuseThe energy required to power muscle activity in athlete horses is drawn from the diet and/or body stores via a comparatively inefficient process, since about 80% of this energy is lost in the form of heat [17]; h e a t i s d i s p e r s e d t h r o u g h f o u r f un d a m e n t a l mechanisms: irradiation, convection, conduction and evaporation.I n e q u i d s , s w e a t t h u s r e p r e s e n t s t h e m a i n thermoregulatory mechanism (55-60%), whereas losses through breathing account for about 25% [14]. Intense exercise may induce thermal stress; heat p r o d u c t i o n e x c e e d s d i s p e r s i o n i n a d v e r s e environmental conditions, e.g. high temperature and/ or humidity [18].According to McConaghy [17] horses, despite their double sweating ability, are more prone than man to thermal stress. According to McCutcheon and Geor [18], training and warm acclimation, by reducing the amount of sweat required to achieve thermoregulation, result in decreased loss of water and ions.Evaporation of 1 litre of sweat disperses the 580 kcal produced in 5-6 min of submaximal exercise (100 kcal/ min) or in 1-2 min of maximal effort (450 kcal/min) [17]. Thoroughbreds and trotters can lose up to 10 l in races of 1 or 2 miles (1,600-3,200 m), and 35-40 l in an endurance race of 5 hr in a temperate climate [14].Unless these heavy water losses are restored soon, severe dehydration may arise, with fatal consequences in 12-15% of cases.The effects of moderate dehydration in horses are probably similar to those observed in man, where impaired physical performances are seen already with losses accounting for 2-4% body weight [3]. The decrease in blood volume induced by dehydration entails decreased perfusion not only of muscles

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 76%

“…7) and was lowest in AE 1 samples. In Test 1, values were again higher than those reported by McConaghy (1994) [17], whereas throughout Tests 2 and 3 they were in the normal range, although without significant differences.…”

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 55%

Effects of the Daily Administration of a Rehydrating Supplement to Trotter Horses

Falaschini

Marangoni

Rizzi

et al. 2005

JES

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“…The body hairs are fine, long and glossy. These ponies are highly docile, resistant to diseases and can survive on local feed and fodder, in case of emergencies, can be deployed immediately without any acclimatisation 13 . Further, these ponies require least management practices and have less feed consumption.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Physiological Parameters in Response to Endurance Exercise of Zanskar Ponies Adapted to High Altitude of Ladakh Region

et al. 2018

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Zanskar pony, a native horse breed of Ladakh mainly used for transportation in Trans-Himalayan region of India, is well adapted to high altitude hypobaric hypoxia environment. Due to extreme conditions of the Ladakh region, better endurance of these ponies under hypoxic and extreme cold conditions is of utmost concern for their recruitment in Indian Army. In the present study, 12 young trained Zanskar ponies were evaluated during endurance exercise at an altitude of 3292 m above mean sea level. The animals were subjected to carriage transport with 65-70 kg load or riding on a track of 5-6 km. Physiological parameters viz., pulse rate (PR), heart rate (HR), rectal temperature (RT), respiratory rate (RR) and oxygen saturation (SaO 2 ) were recorded in Zanskar ponies during pre-exercise (T 0 ), post-exercise (T 1 ) and post recovery (T 2, 2 h post resting) stages. Results showed marked increase in PR, HR, RR and RT post exercise time points. The mean values of PR increased from 49.83±4.62 to 73.67±21.54 per min, HR from 48±13.60 to 75±15.82 beats/min, RR from 37.83±9.70 to 57.67±13.48 per min and RT from 99.62±0.34 101.04±0.53 °F from pre stress to post endurance stress. The mean SaO 2 level reduced significantly (88.58±6.75 at T 0 versus 64.00±18.70 at T 1 and 54.42±14.79 at T 2 ) post exercise. This indicated limited availability of arterial oxygen for tissues which could be vital factor for adverse change in some of physio-biochemical parameters. Though the trend of physiological response was similar for all the 12 animals, still variation at individual animal level was observed during endurance stress. In future, some of these physiological parameters along with biochemical and molecular parameters could be evaluated as potential biomarkers in selecting ponies with superior endurance trait specifically under hypoxic conditions.

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“…No cavalo, a eficiência metabólica dos processos que convertem energia armazenada em energia mecânica (locomoção) é baixa, sendo que a maioria da energia produzida é liberada na forma de calor (HODGSON et al, 1994). A principal forma de dissipação de calor durante o enduro é a sudorese, durante o processo evaporativo de resfriamento (TEIXEIRA-NETO, 2006), o qual leva a considerável perda de fluido corporal (CARLSON et al, 1983).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

“…. Quando há falha nos mecanismos de termorregulação, mal condicionamento animal, ou condições ambientais adversas para a realização das competições, o animal fica susceptível a desenvolver a síndrome da exaustão, que como principal agravante, pode levar o animal a óbito, em casos extremos (HODGSON et al, 1994).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Porcentagem De Perdas De Peso Em Cavalos Submetidos Ao Esforço De Enduro Na Regão Centro Oeste Do Brasil.

Conceição

Fatima

Duarte³

et al. 2014

Ars Vet

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RESUMOObjetivou-se com esse estudo avaliar o percentual de perdas de peso sofridas por cavalos submetidos a provas de enduro de 20, 40, 80 e 160 km de distância sob clima tropical na região central do Brasil (Brasília-DF). Os animais foram pesados antes, durante e após as provas com a utilização de uma balança portátil. Observou-se percentuais de perdas de peso de 3,47±1,86%, 5,93±4,35%; 4,69±2,01% e 4,53±2,11%, nas provas de 20, 40, 80 e 160 Km, respectivamente. Tais valores foram significativamente maiores ao final da primeira etapa das provas quando comparados com o peso antes das provas, no repouso revelando importante redução de perdas na continuidade das provas, provavelmente devido ao melhor condicionamento dos animais além do livre acesso a água e feno durante os períodos obrigatórios de descanso. A utilização de balanças portáteis deve ser estimulada em provas equestres de longa duração, como uma ferramenta de monitoramento de perdas de peso imperceptíveis por veterinários durante as competições. Os resultados obtidos revelaram que mesmo animais treinados e condicionados a beber água e se alimentar durante esforços prolongados estão sujeitos a importantes perdas de peso. PALAVRAS-CHAVE:Clima. Desidratação. Balança. Equinos. SUMMARYThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the percentage of body weight loss suffered from horses submitted to endurance rides of 20, 40, 80 and 160 Km distance under tropical climate in West Center of Brazil (Brasilia-DF). Horses were weighted before, during and after the competition, with a portable scale. It was noticed percentual body weight losses of 3,47±1,86%, 5,93±4,35%; 4,69±2,01% and 4,53±2,11%, in 20, 40, 80 and 160 Km rides, respectively. These values were higher in the first weighting point, compared to basal values, with an important reduction throughout subsequent rings of rides, probably due to a better animal condition and free intake of water and forage, during the mandatory rest periods. The use of portable scales should be used for prolonged rides as a tool for veterinarians to monitor insensible body weight losses of horses in this kind of exercise. Data also revealed that even trained horses are susceptible to important body weight losses.

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Thermoregulation in the horse in response to exercise

Cited by 135 publications

References 30 publications

Effects of the Daily Administration of a Rehydrating Supplement to Trotter Horses

Effects of the Daily Administration of a Rehydrating Supplement to Trotter Horses

Evaluation of Physiological Parameters in Response to Endurance Exercise of Zanskar Ponies Adapted to High Altitude of Ladakh Region

Porcentagem De Perdas De Peso Em Cavalos Submetidos Ao Esforço De Enduro Na Regão Centro Oeste Do Brasil.

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