Thermoregulatory behavior in rat pups from birth to weaning

Kleitman, Naomi; Satinoff, Evelyn

doi:10.1016/0031-9384(82)90279-7

Cited by 62 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…These results extend the presence of thermotaxis in mouse pups, as previously described in rat [10,18], rabbit [12] and hamster pups [11]. It is vital for mouse pups' and other altricial animals' survival to maintain an adequate body temperature.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Olfactory classical conditioning in neonatal mouse pups using thermal stimuli

Bollen¹,

Matrot²,

Ramanantsoa³

et al. 2012

Behavioural Brain Research

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a b s t r a c tMouse models are increasingly used to investigate genetic contributions to developmental disorders in children, especially newborns. In particular, early cognitive assessment in newborn mice is critical to evaluate pediatric drug efficacy and toxicity. Unfortunately, methods for behavioral tests in newborn mice are scarce. Therefore, developing such tests for newborn mice is a priority challenge for neurogenetics and pharmacological research. The aim of the present study was to develop a conditioning method well suited to high-throughput cognitive screening in newborn mice. To this end, we developed an odorpreference conditioning test using ambient temperature as an unconditioned stimulus (US) and artificial odors as conditioned stimuli (CS). First, we showed that mouse pups move toward the thermoneutral temperature when offered a choice between a thermoneutral and cold environment, thus showing thermotaxis. Second, we conducted a classical conditioning paradigm in pups aged six to ten days. In terms of central nervous system development, this period corresponds to extreme prematurity to early postterm period in humans. During acquisition, the pups were alternatively exposed to odor CS paired with either cold or warm temperatures. Immediately after acquisition, the pups underwent a two-odor choice test, which showed preference for the odor previously paired with the warm temperature, thus showing conditioning. The proposed paradigm is easy to conduct, and requires modest experimenter interference. The method is well suited for high-throughput screening of early associative disorders in newborn mice.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Olfactory classical conditioning in neonatal mouse pups using thermal stimuli

Bollen¹,

Matrot²,

Ramanantsoa³

et al. 2012

Behavioural Brain Research

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show abstract

“…The newborn rat has a limited ability to increase its body temperature physiologi cally, and although it can substantially in crease its metabolic rate when exposed to ambient temperature below its thermoneu tral zone, its lack of insulating covering and inability to regulate its cutaneous vasomotor tone causes it to quickly lose this heat [21 -23], However, it has been shown that rat pups can also thermoregulate behaviorally [16], allowing them to seek out the microcli mate that matches their internal body tem perature set-point and thus to maintain the most suitable body temperature with the least metabolic or physical effort.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the second series of experiments, newborn rat pups (3 days old) were tested in a thermal gradient [16] that ranged from 26 to 46 °C. The thermal gra dient was established by pointing a heat lamp at one end of a 50 cm long Plexiglas alley floored with a cot ton pad.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vasopressin Functions as an Endogenous Antipyretic in the Newborn

Kasting

Wilkinson²

1987

Neonatology

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These experiments sought to determine the role of arginine vasopressin (AVP) in the inability of newborns to produce a fever. Our data demonstrate that the AVP analog, [1-β-mercapto-β,β-cyclopentamethylene propionic acid)-2-(O-methyl)tyrosine] arginine vasopressin (M-AVP), administered centrally to adult rats, prevented the antipyretic action of centrally injected AVP. Behaviorally thermoregulating 3-day-old rat pups failed to respond to endoxin with a fever, similar to neonates of other species, but when central AVP antipyretic receptors were blocked by pretreatment with M-AVP, the pups were able to raise their body temperature to febrile levels. The antipyretic drug, indomethacin, prevented these fevers. We conclude that endogenous AVP is a physiologically important antipyretic substance in the brain of the newborn rat.

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“…In the infant rodent research, because freezing does not emerge until PN10, assessment of threat responding has also relied on approach/avoidance tests to assess the functional emergence of responses to threatening cues, such as a Y-maze or a two-odor choice (Cornwell-Jones and Sobrian 1977;Haroutunian and Campbell 1979;Johanson and Teicher 1980;Kleitman and Satinoff 1982;Sullivan et al 2000a). For example, newly born pups can approach a maternal odor and will avoid an odor previously paired with malaise induced by high shock or LiCl (Cornwell-Jones and Sobrian 1977;Rudy and Cheatle 1977;Haroutunian and Campbell 1979;Johanson and Teicher 1980;Kucharski and Spear 1984;Shionoya et al 2006;Raineki et al 2009).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecologically relevant neurobehavioral assessment of the development of threat learning

2016

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As altricial infants gradually transition to adults, their proximate environment changes. In three short weeks, pups transition from a small world with the caregiver and siblings to a complex milieu rich in dangers as their environment expands. Such contrasting environments require different learning abilities and lead to distinct responses throughout development. Here, we will review some of the learned fear conditioned responses to threats in rats during their ontogeny, including behavioral and physiological measures that permit the assessment of learning and its supporting neurobiology from infancy through adulthood. In adulthood, odor-shock conditioning produces robust fear learning to the odor that depends upon the amygdala and related circuitry. Paradoxically, this conditioning in young pups fails to support fear learning and supports approach learning to the odor previously paired with shock. This approach learning is mediated by the infant attachment network that does not include the amygdala. During the age range when pups transition from the infant to the adult circuit (10 -15 d old), pups have access to both networks: odor -shock conditioning in maternal presence uses the attachment circuit but the adult amygdala-dependent circuit when alone. However, throughout development (as young as 5 d old) the attachment associated learning can be overridden and amygdala-dependent fear learning supported, if the mother expresses fear in the presence of the pup. This social modulation of the fear permits the expression of defense reactions in life threatening situations informed by the caregiver but prevents the learning of the caregiver itself as a threat.

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Thermoregulatory behavior in rat pups from birth to weaning

Cited by 62 publications

References 20 publications

Olfactory classical conditioning in neonatal mouse pups using thermal stimuli

Olfactory classical conditioning in neonatal mouse pups using thermal stimuli

Vasopressin Functions as an Endogenous Antipyretic in the Newborn

Ecologically relevant neurobehavioral assessment of the development of threat learning

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