Thermoregulatory Responses and Performance of Dairy Calves Fed Different Amounts of Colostrum

Silva, Fernanda Lavínia Moura; Miqueo, Evangelina; Silva, Marcos Donizete da; Torrezan, Thais Manzoni; Rocha, Nathália Brito; Salles, Márcia Saladini Vieira; Bittar, Carla Maris Machado

doi:10.3390/ani11030703

Cited by 16 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…These three elements also provide neonates to energy (48). These factors could explain the significantly lower temperatures on days 0, 1, and 2, suggesting a compensatory effect of colostrum ingestion that, in a study of newborn Holstein calves, brought about an increase of ∼1 • C in prescapular temperature (49). The differences found in the days after birth support the hypothesis that colostrum consumption is essential for newborn ruminants to achieve thermoregulatory success (1).…”

Section: E Ect Of Weight On the Thermoregulation Of Bu Alo Calvesmentioning

confidence: 67%

The effect of birth weight and time of day on the thermal response of newborn water buffalo calves

Napolitano

Bragaglio²,

Braghieri

et al. 2023

Front. Vet. Sci.

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During the 1st days of life, water buffalo calves, especially those with low birth weight, are susceptible to hypothermic mortality due to scarce energy reserves provided by fats. This means that monitoring the thermal state of newborns is essential. The objectives of the present study were to apply infrared thermography (IRT) in 109 buffalo calves to detect differences in the surface temperatures of six thermal windows –lacrimal gland, lacrimal caruncle, periocular region, nostrils, ear canal, pelvic limbs–, and determine their association to birth weight during the first 6 days of life. The calves were divided into four categories according to their weight (Q1, 37.8–41.25 kg; Q2, 41.3–46.3 kg; Q3, 46.4–56.3 kg; Q4, 56.4–60.3 kg). The thermographic images were recorded in the morning and afternoon. Results showed that the animals in Q4 registered the highest temperatures in all the thermal windows, and that these were higher in the afternoon (p < 0.0001). When considering the thermal windows, those located in the facial region recorded the highest temperatures; in contrast, the temperatures at the pelvic limbs remained below the average values of the other windows (33.41 and 33.76°C in the morning and afternoon, respectively). According to these results, the birth weight of water buffaloes is a factor that alters their thermoregulation during the 1st days of life, a condition that can be partially compensated by colostrum intake to promote development of an efficient thermoregulatory mechanism in water buffalo calves.

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Section: E Ect Of Weight On the Thermoregulation Of Bu Alo Calvesmentioning

confidence: 67%

The effect of birth weight and time of day on the thermal response of newborn water buffalo calves

Napolitano

Bragaglio²,

Braghieri

et al. 2023

Front. Vet. Sci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This occurs thanks to the increased plasma triglyceride levels that BAT metabolizes. This effect was explored by Silva et al ( 103 ), who observed that male Holstein calves that consumed an amount of colostrum equivalent to 15 to 20% of their body weight presented less shivering than those that received only 10%. This finding confirms that the metabolic thermogenic response is additional and long-term in nature, though authors like Clarke et al ( 63 ) have stated that the response degree depends on exposure to cold.…”

Section: Thermoregulation Mechanisms To Combat Hypothermia In Ruminantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neonatal infrared thermography images in the hypothermic ruminant model: Anatomical-morphological-physiological aspects and mechanisms for thermoregulation

et al. 2022

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Hypothermia is one factor associated with mortality in newborn ruminants due to the drastic temperature change upon exposure to the extrauterine environment in the first hours after birth. Ruminants are precocial whose mechanisms for generating heat or preventing heat loss involve genetic characteristics, the degree of neurodevelopment at birth and environmental aspects. These elements combine to form a more efficient mechanism than those found in altricial species. Although the degree of neurodevelopment is an important advantage for these species, their greater mobility helps them to search for the udder and consume colostrum after birth. However, anatomical differences such as the distribution of adipose tissue or the presence of type II muscle fibers could lead to the understanding that these species use their energy resources more efficiently for heat production. The introduction of unconventional ruminant species, such as the water buffalo, has led to rethinking other characteristics like the skin thickness or the coat type that could intervene in the thermoregulation capacity of the newborn. Implementing tools to analyze species-specific characteristics that help prevent a critical decline in temperature is deemed a fundamental strategy for avoiding the adverse effects of a compromised thermoregulatory function. Although thermography is a non-invasive method to assess superficial temperature in several non-human animal species, in newborn ruminants there is limited information about its application, making it necessary to discuss the usefulness of this tool. This review aims to analyze the effects of hypothermia in newborn ruminants, their thermoregulation mechanisms that compensate for this condition, and the application of infrared thermography (IRT) to identify cases with hypothermia.

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“…As the first meal for newborn calves, colostrum has a vital role in calf nutrition and immune defense, growth and development ( Playford and Weiser, 2021 ). The immune status of calves after birth directly depends on the amount and quality of colostrum they consume ( Silva et al, 2021 ). Colostrum quality significantly affects the formation of intestinal microbiota and the daily weight gain of calves, which is the highest when the colostrum density is > 1.070 g/cm 3 ( Puppel et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blood transcriptome reveals immune and metabolic-related genes involved in growth of pasteurized colostrum-fed calves

Li²,

Yang³

et al. 2023

Front. Genet.

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The quality of colostrum is a key factor contributing to healthy calf growth, and pasteurization of colostrum can effectively reduce the counts of pathogenic microorganisms present in the colostrum. Physiological changes in calves fed with pasteurized colostrum have been well characterized, but little is known about the underlying molecular mechanisms. In this study, key genes and functional pathways through which pasteurized colostrum affects calf growth were identified through whole blood RNA sequencing. Our results showed that calves in the pasteurized group (n = 16) had higher body height and daily weight gain than those in the unpasteurized group (n = 16) in all months tested. Importantly, significant differences in body height were observed at 3 and 4 months of age (p < 0.05), and in daily weight gain at 2, 3, and 6 months of age (p < 0.05) between the two groups. Based on whole blood transcriptome data from 6-months old calves, 630 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), of which 235 were upregulated and 395 downregulated, were identified in the pasteurized compared to the unpasteurized colostrum groups. Most of the DEGs have functions in the immune response (e.g., CCL3, CXCL3, and IL1A) and metabolism (e.g., PTX3 and EXTL1). Protein-protein interaction analyses of DEGs revealed three key subnetworks and fifteen core genes, including UBA52 and RPS28, that have roles in protein synthesis, oxidative phosphorylation, and inflammatory responses. Twelve co-expression modules were identified through weighted gene co-expression network analysis. Among them, 17 genes in the two modules that significantly associated with pasteurization were mainly involved in the tricarboxylic acid cycle, NF-kappa B signaling, and NOD-like receptor signaling pathways. Finally, DEGs that underwent alternative splicing in calves fed pasteurized colostrum have roles in the immune response (SLCO4A1, AKR1C4, and MED13L), indicative of potential roles in immune regulation. Results from multiple analytical methods used suggest that differences in calf growth between the pasteurized and unpasteurized groups may be due to differential immune activity. Our data provide new insights into the impact of pasteurization on calf immune and metabolic-related pathways through its effects on gene expression.

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Thermoregulatory Responses and Performance of Dairy Calves Fed Different Amounts of Colostrum

Cited by 16 publications

References 45 publications

The effect of birth weight and time of day on the thermal response of newborn water buffalo calves

The effect of birth weight and time of day on the thermal response of newborn water buffalo calves

Neonatal infrared thermography images in the hypothermic ruminant model: Anatomical-morphological-physiological aspects and mechanisms for thermoregulation

Blood transcriptome reveals immune and metabolic-related genes involved in growth of pasteurized colostrum-fed calves

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