Heat stress is one of the primary abiotic stresses that limit crop production. Grape (Vitis vinifera) is a cultivated fruit with high economic value throughout the world, with its growth and development often influenced by high temperature. Alternative splicing (AS) is a widespread phenomenon increasing transcriptome and proteome diversity. We conducted high-temperature treatments (35°C, 40°C, and 45°C) on grapevines and assessed transcriptomic (especially AS) and proteomic changes in leaves. We found that nearly 70% of the genes were alternatively spliced under high temperature. Intron retention (IR), exon skipping, and alternative donor/acceptor sites were markedly induced under different high temperatures. Among all differential AS events, IR was the most abundant up-and down-regulated event. Moreover, the occurrence frequency of IR events at 40°C and 45°C was far higher than at 35°C. These results indicated that AS, especially IR, is an important posttranscriptional regulatory event during grape leaf responses to high temperature. Proteomic analysis showed that protein levels of the RNA-binding proteins SR45, SR30, and SR34 and the nuclear ribonucleic protein U1A gradually rose as ambient temperature increased, which revealed a reason why AS events occurred more frequently under high temperature. After integrating transcriptomic and proteomic data, we found that heat shock proteins and some important transcription factors such as MULTIPROTEIN BRIDGING FACTOR1c and HEAT SHOCK TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR A2 were involved mainly in heat tolerance in grape through up-regulating transcriptional (especially modulated by AS) and translational levels. To our knowledge, these results provide the first evidence for grape leaf responses to high temperature at simultaneous transcriptional, posttranscriptional, and translational levels.Heat stress is one of the main abiotic stresses limiting crop production worldwide. Global warming is predicted to be accompanied by more frequent and powerful extreme temperature events (Lobell et al., 2008). Therefore, a better understanding of the response of plants to heat stress is essential for improving their heat tolerance. In general, heat stress is a complex function of intensity (temperature in degrees), duration, and rate of increase in temperature. At very high temperatures, a catastrophic collapse of cellular organization may occur within minutes, which results in severe cellular injury and even cell death (Wahid et al., 2007). At moderately high temperatures, direct injuries include protein denaturation and aggregation and the increased fluidity of membrane lipids. Indirect or slower heat injuries include inactivation of enzymes, inhibition of protein synthesis, protein degradation, and loss of membrane integrity. These injuries eventually lead to a decline of net photosynthetic rate, reduced ion flux, production of toxic compounds and reactive oxygen species, and inhibition of growth. Actually, plants are not passively damaged by heat stress but respond to temperature changes by r...