“…3 More recently, IR cameras were used in non-destructive testing in polyethylene weld joints, 4 steel weld joints 5 and steel resistance spot weld. 6 Infrared cameras for real time monitoring of temperature in welding processes were used in laser welding of polymer, 7, 8 laser and hybrid welding of aluminium 9 and magnesium, 10 laser brazing of steel/aluminium assembly, 11 friction stir welding of aluminium, 12 pad welding of Inconel and CrMo steel 13 and arc and laser welding of steel 14 or arc welding of magnesium alloy. 15 None of these studies describe a fully integrated method to achieve real temperature measurement without using thermocouples at the same time.…”