“They are close to us, but we are so different from them”: Prejudice toward immigrants and indigenous peoples in Brazil.

Abstract

immigrants have been associated with prostitution, thefts, and high rates of violence (Zuker, 2018); Indigenous Peoples are seen as primitives, lazy, and treacherous (M. E. O. ; and Northeasterners are commonly associated with poverty, low schooling, and closed-mindedness (Hofstede et al., 2010). Fortunately, however, the endorsement of these stereotypes and consequent prejudiced attitudes toward members of these minority groups vary among individuals, likely as a reflection of their distinct axiological principles and socio-ideological orientations. This chapter contributes to understanding intraregional migration and intergroup relations in Latin America by testing a model to explain prejudiced attitudes and, eventually, promote actions to mitigate prejudice toward minority groups. Our model focuses on two core constructs that are central in social psychology: human values (Gouveia, 2016;Maio, 2017) and broad socio-ideological attitude dimensions indexed by right-wing authoritarianism (RWA) and social dominance orientation (SDO), which have been shown to be the primary determinants of prejudice-related outcomes (Sibley & Duckitt, 2008;Sidanius & Pratto, 2001). The chapter starts with a brief overview of the sociohistorical context and theoretical models underpinning the empirical study conducted to test the proposed theoretical framework. BRIEF SOCIOHISTORICAL OVERVIEW OF MIGRATION AND INTERGROUP RELATIONS IN BRAZILBrazil has continental dimensions and vast regional diversity (e.g., settlement histories, climatic conditions, socioeconomic development, and cultural orientations). It is the fifth biggest country in the world both in terms of territory and population and occupies half of South America. In its 5 centuries as a country, Brazil has experienced migratory movements. Colonized by the Portuguese in the 16th century, Brazil has a population comprising six major groups: Indigenous Peoples (mainly from Tupi and Guarani language groups), Portuguese, Africans, other Europeans, Middle Easterners, and Asian immigrant groups. Migration and intergroup relations in Brazil thus include the colonization process of its Indigenous Peoples by the Portuguese, who then brought Africans as slaves and settled them mainly in the Northeast and Southeast regions of the country. European (e.g., Germans, Italians, Spaniards), Middle Easterner, and Asian (e.g., Japanese, Lebanese, Syrians) immigrants moved to Brazil later, settling mainly in cities in the Southeast and South regions.Brazilians have also migrated to other countries, and the globalization process makes the Brazilian borders tenuous, with many foreigners movingCopyright American Psychological Association. Not for further distribution. "They Are Close to Us, but We Are So Different From Them" • 229 *p < .05. **p < .01. ***p < .001, two-tailed test. † p < .10. Venezuelan immigrantsIndigenous Peoples Northeasterners

A dual process social psychological model of corrupt intention and attitudes toward corrupt people.

“…SDO indexes a general support to establish and maintain hierarchically structured intergroup relations in society regardless of the position of one’s group within this hierarchy (Ho et al, 2015; Pratto et al, 1994; Pratto et al, 2013; Sidanius et al, 2001). SDO robustly predicts prejudice against a wide array of groups, including prejudiced attitudes toward black people (Mandalaywala et al, 2018), immigrants (Anderson & Ferguson, 2018), gender nonconforming people (Ching et al, 2020), and marginalized groups in Brazil (Gouveia et al, 2021), as well as implicit intergroup animosity (Pratto & Shih, 2000).…”