Thiamin Is Decomposed Due to Anaphe spp. Entomophagy in Seasonal Ataxia Patients in Nigeria

Nishimune, Takahiro; Watanabe, Yoshihiro; Okazaki, Hideki; Akai, Hiromu

doi:10.1093/jn/130.6.1625

Cited by 120 publications

(81 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…one third of the viscera (4). We have reported a strong and heat-resistant thiaminase activity in a wild silkworm (14), and wanted to characterize the silkworm thiaminase. The material was, however, not easily available for us, and instead, we studied the seawater fish first.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies on the Polymorphism of Thiaminase I in Seawater Fish

Nishimune

Watanabe

Okazaki

2008

J Nutr Sci Vitaminol

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Summary Thiaminase I from the seawater fish Fisturalia petimba was characterized, and pI polymorphism of the enzyme was first described, together with the active subfragment of thiaminase I. The liver of F. petimba contained thiaminase I of at least three different pIs and the major fraction exhibited pI 5.7. The most evident difference among pI isozymes was the size of the active subfragments into which they were dissociated. pI 5.7 enzyme dissociated into subfragments of 25 kDa, while pI 7-9 enzymes dissociated into approx. 22 kDa. The reaction rate measured by pyridine as the second substrate was three times higher in pI 7-9 enzymes compared with pI 5.7 enzyme. The degree of cadmium inhibition, when aniline was the co-substrate, also showed obvious differences between pI isozymes. When the major pI fraction was further purified by the difference in hydrophobicity, a smaller active fragment of approx. 22 kDa appeared, indicating the possibility that the difference in the size of active subfragment between isozymes is a result of partial fragmentation. The pI 5.7 enzyme was purified 250 times and the size of the most purified preparation was found to be 106 kDa by gel filtration analysis. The purified preparation gave an active 25 kDa subfragment by SDS-PAGE, together with a 15 kDa non-active subfragment. The enzyme was, thus, inferred to contain active subfragments together with the 15 kDa non-active fragments. Amino acid sequencing of the 25 kDa active subfragment revealed, together with the fully processed N-terminal sequence, two N-terminal peptides with extra Pro-Ser and Gly-Pro-Ser attached to it, and the NCBI non-redundant database did not show significant similarity to other known proteins. On the other hand, the molecular mass of the holoenzyme from the viscera of the seawater fish Engraulis japonica was estimated to be approx. 100 kDa by gel filtration chromatography. An SDS-PAGE analysis revealed that it contained an active subfragment of 22 kDa.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies on the Polymorphism of Thiaminase I in Seawater Fish

Nishimune

Watanabe

Okazaki

2008

J Nutr Sci Vitaminol

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“…[Nishimune et al, 2000]. Epidemics of an acute ataxic syndrome occur annually in the rainy season in parts of south-western Nigeria, characterized by intention tremors, ataxia and varying levels of impaired consciousness, following a carbohydrate meal [Adamolekun et al, 1997].…”

Section: Toxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The results indicate the need for thorough heat treatment for detoxification of the African silkworm, making the worm a safe source of high quality protein [Nishimune et al, 2000]. Another problem is the pesticide applications against locusts and grasshoppers, which can cause problems because of their toxic residues [Van Huis, 2003;Yen, 2009].…”

Section: Toxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comprehensive Look at the Possibilities of Edible Insects as Food in Europe – A Review

Mlček¹,

Rop²,

Borkovcová³

et al. 2014

Pol. J. Food Nutr. Sci.

194

120

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Possibilities of edible insects use in European countries, are now an increasingly debated issue. Insects in Asian, African, Central American and South Central American cultures are mainly nutritional components. This review mainly describes the species of insects that are suitable as food in Europe and other developed countries. This comprehensive work addresses the issue of eating insects, especially considering the nutritionally important factors. Risks are also mentioned, as well as allergies, toxicity, and other aspects of the breeding and use of edible insects. Insects play and will play important roles in the future in various fi elds of research, exploitation, breeding, etc. This review provides a comprehensive current and future view of insects as a valuable foodstuff.

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“…Alcoholics deficient in thiamine may develop cerebral lactic acidosis, swelling of astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, myelin fibers, and neuronal dendrites. Similarly, consumption of thiaminase-containing foodstuffs, such as Anaphe venata (African silkworm) larvae, carp, and bracken fern may produce white matter lesions particularly in the paraventricular regions [60,61]. Children and adolescents with prenatal exposures to ethanol have demonstrated similar white matter changes as seen in adults.…”

Section: Case Continuationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Case Files of the New York City Poison Control Center: Paradichlorobenzene-Induced Leukoencephalopathy

2010

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A 44-year-old man was brought to the emergency department by emergency medical services after he was discovered lying supine on his apartment floor. He was accompanied by his sister, who had decided to visit him after his absence from a family function. Worsening "bizarre" behavior had been noted by family members for 4 weeks, characterized by anorexia, social withdrawal, flat affect, and alogia. Prior to his illness, he was described as functional, independent, gainfully employed, and social.The patient had mild mental retardation and hypertension. There was no history of diagnosed psychiatric illness, although his family suspected pica. Medications included an unknown antihypertensive with which he was not compliant. He occasionally used marijuana and alcohol, without history of other abused drugs. The patient's sister reported significant weight loss over several months. There had been no apparent fevers, cough, vomiting, diarrhea, or convulsions. On physical examination, he appeared drowsy, was markedly cachectic, and emanated an atypical aromatic body odor. Initial vital signs were: blood pressure 154/90 mmHg, heart rate 98/min, respiratory rate 20/min, rectal temperature 37.4°C, and room air oxygen saturation 97%. Head, neck, chest, and abdominal examinations were unremarkable. He had dry, scaling, and ichthyotic skin. He was oriented to person and place, but not to time, date, or indication for hospitalization. Limited cranial nerve evaluation was normal. Pain and light-touch sensation were unaffected. Hyperreflexia (without clonus) and cogwheel rigidity were noted in both lower extremities; upper extremities were normal. Plantar reflexes were normal bilaterally. Muscle bulk, tone, and strength were normal. The patient was unable to stand without support and unable to ambulate, apparently due to impaired equilibrioception. He could follow simple one-step commands. He would speak a few words when asked simple questions, and he avoided eye contact.Serum electrolytes (sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium, and magnesium) and serum glucose were normal. Tests of hepatic and renal function were: AST 53

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Thiamin Is Decomposed Due to Anaphe spp. Entomophagy in Seasonal Ataxia Patients in Nigeria

Cited by 120 publications

References 17 publications

Studies on the Polymorphism of Thiaminase I in Seawater Fish

Studies on the Polymorphism of Thiaminase I in Seawater Fish

A Comprehensive Look at the Possibilities of Edible Insects as Food in Europe – A Review

Case Files of the New York City Poison Control Center: Paradichlorobenzene-Induced Leukoencephalopathy

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