2011
DOI: 10.1021/ja1091062
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Thiazole Orange-Induced c-di-GMP Quadruplex Formation Facilitates a Simple Fluorescent Detection of This Ubiquitous Biofilm Regulating Molecule

Abstract: Recently, there has been an explosion of research activities in the cyclic dinucleotides field. Cyclic dinucleotides, such as c-di-GMP and c-di-AMP, have been shown to regulate bacterial virulence and biofilm formation. c-di-GMP can exist in different aggregate forms, and it has been demonstrated that the polymorphism of c-di-GMP is influenced by the nature of cation that is present in solution. In previous work, polymorphism of c-di-GMP could only be demonstrated at hundreds of micromolar concentrations of th… Show more

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Cited by 71 publications
(65 citation statements)
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“…In addition, fluorescence-based measurements of c-di-GMP levels have been described recently. One study utilizes the discovery that thiazole orange fluoresces upon formation of a specific complex with c-di-GMP (38). The method requires lysis of the bacteria but is less laborious than the standard methods.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In addition, fluorescence-based measurements of c-di-GMP levels have been described recently. One study utilizes the discovery that thiazole orange fluoresces upon formation of a specific complex with c-di-GMP (38). The method requires lysis of the bacteria but is less laborious than the standard methods.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Since the number of nucleotide-enzyme complexes correlates with substrate turnover, c-di-GMP is conveniently quantified with a substrate which changes the absorbance spectrum upon oxidation (435). Furthermore, significant changes in the absorption and fluorescence spectra upon interaction with c-di-GMP can be used for detection and quantification (436). Thiazole orange, a known fluorescent intercalator of nucleic acids, can specifically detect c-di-GMP in a concentration-dependent manner.…”
Section: Quantification Of C-di-gmpmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In the last few years, we have provided many examples of c-di-GMP or c-di-AMP supramolecular aggregate formation in the presence of aromatic intercalators, such as thiazole orange (TO) [3] or coralyne [9] (see Figure 1), and we now demonstrate herein that beyond sensing applications, the propensity of c-di-GMP and c-di-AMP to readily form supramolecular aggregates could be utilized in nanobiotechnology or provocatively could affect microbiota. Indeed supramolecular aggregation or gelation by nucleotides is not a new phenomenon and nucleic acid-mediated gelation has found use in widespread applications, including analyte sensing and the fabrication of smart materials [10,11].…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In 1990, Wang made an important observation that the bacterial second messenger, c-di-GMP, affected the UV absorption profiles of a few planar intercalators [22]. It took two decades before some experimental data were provided by others to support a plausible G-quadruplex formation by c-di-GMP at low micromolar concentrations in the presence of intercalators, such as ProF (3,6-Diaminoacridine hydrochloride) and TO (see structures in Figure 1) [3,23–25]. Circular dichroism spectra of c-di-GMP in the presence and absence of intercalators provided circumstantial evidence that c-di-GMP could form G-quadruplexes at low micromolar concentrations in water, in the presence of intercalators [3,23,25].…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
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