Thick Target Bremsstrahlung Produced by Electron Bombardment of Targets of Be, Sn, and Au in the Energy Range 0.2–2.8 MeV

Abstract

Electron bremsstrahlung due to bombardment of Sn and Au targets at 0.2, 1.0, 2.0, and 2.8 MeV, Be targets at 0.2, 1.0, and 2.0 MeV, and Al and Fe targets at 0.2 MeV were measured. Angular distributions of bremsstrahlung intensity and total transmission spectra are derived from the measurements, which were carried out for perpendicular incidence of the electron beam to the target plane. Comparisons for Au and for previously reported Al and Fe spectra are made at 1.0 and 2.8 MeV to calculated spectra from the Monte Carlo program of M. J. Berger and S. M. Seltzer, ETRAN 15. Total external radiation emitted from the targets is represented by the function 1.4×10−3 T02.16 for Be, 1.6×10−2 T02.07 for Sn, and 2.3×10−2 T01.90 for Au, where T0 is the incident electron kinetic energy in MeV.

Benchmark study of the recent version of the PHITS code

“…Figure 17 shows a comparison of the thick-target bremsstrahlung spectra for 1-MeV electron incidence on the 0.3-cm-thick beryllium, 0.2-cm-thick aluminum, 0.078-cm-thick iron, and 0.039-cm gold targets [47]. The calculated results agree well with the experimental data over a wide range in each angle.…”

“…The calculated results agree well with the experimental data over a wide range in each angle. For the gold target, in the photon energy region below approximately 0.25 MeV, the spectra proceed to a lower intensity at angles from 30°to 60°due to the greater attenuation in the increasing thickness of the target material as the photon angle is increased [47]. This tendency is not well reproduced by PHITS (Figure 17).…”

Detection limits of heavy elements obtained with K-series x-rays induced by electron accelerator bremsstrahlung

“…The calculations assume the atomic number Z D 13 for the braking target that provides a value of bremsstrahlung for electron energies under 1 MeV more than the same value for an electron energy of 2 MeV in a target with Z D 79. 3,8 The incident electron beam angle relative to the braking target surface is chosen as ϕ 1 D 90°. The angle formed by the target surface and exit radiation coincident with the secondary electron beam is ϕ 2 D 90°.…”

An X-ray Converter of a Megavolt Electron Beam for Powerful Pulsed Generators

“…The integral intensity of the continuous spectrum at a distance R from the target can be estimated using the formula [34] or [35], where j is the beam current density and U is the accelerating voltage.…”