Thickness of the Buccal and Alveolar Bones Overlying Central Incisors: A Radiographic Iraqi Study

Abstract

Background. Initial bone thickness has a substantial impact on the success of dental implant treatments. The objective of the current study was to analyze the thickness of the buccal and alveolar bone at the central incisors using CBCT in relation to gender and side to determine the anatomical features and choose the best implant treatment option for minimizing the surgical complications. Methods. One hundred CBCT images were investigated (50 females and 50 males, aged 20 to 50 years old). The buccal bone thickness and alveolar bone thickness were evaluated for right and left sides of each subject at three sites; C: crest (3 mm); M: middle (6 mm); A: apical (9 mm) from the cementoenamel junction. Results. The mean thickness of buccal bone was less than 2 mm on the incisors according to side and gender. Buccal bone thickness revealed a statistically significant difference between right and left sides at the apical point in both females and males with p values of ( p ≤ 0.001 ) and (0.001), respectively. The buccal bone thickness displayed statistically significant differences between genders at all sites. The alveolar thickness demonstrated similar significant differences between genders except for the crest site. Conclusions. Iraqi participants had about 1 mm buccal bone thickness at 3 mm apical from the CEJ in right and left central incisors with a progressive rise in bone thickness to be less than 2 mm at the apex. Alveolar bone also showed the same increase in bone thickness from crest to apex. Bone thickness was greater in males than females. The present study provided valuable CBCT data on bone thickness of the esthetic maxillary region as a preoperative analysis for establishing an immediate implant treatment plan with aesthetically pleasing long-term outcomes.

Analysis of the dimensions of buccal and palatal bone wall in the maxillary anterior esthetic zone: a cone-beam computed tomography study

“…Our results are in agreement with those of Hassan et al [37] .and Soumya et al [38] . The buccal ABT of the maxillary anterior teeth gradually thinned with age, especially in females, which may be due to changes in the patient's hormonal status.…”

“…When the in uence of gender on the thickness of buccal and palatal ABT was analyzed, we found that males possess larger buccal bone thickness than females at various root levels regardless of sides, and a statistically signi cant difference was found with respect to the buccal apex and palatal mid-point. The result is supported by past study groups [37][38][39] . It may be that men have stronger masticatory muscles than women and can apply higher biting force [40] .…”

A CBCT Study of Labial Alveolar Bone Thickness in the Maxillary Anterior Region in a Teaching Hospital Population in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia

“…We have found differences in bone thickness between males and females, although not in all the points measured. Nowzari et al [ 20 ], Morad et al [ 32 ], Almahdi et al [ 11 ], Sherrah et al [ 15 ], Zhang et al [ 22 ], Üner et al [ 34 ], and Hassan et al [ 33 ] found similar results, with males being reported to have thicker bone compared to females. Interestingly, Alsaffar et al [ 16 ] found females to have a lesser bone thickness in the apical and middle-third of the root than males, while males had overall thinner alveolar bone than females.…”

“…Another study reported no significant difference between right and left in central and lateral incisors; however, the canine showed a significant difference [ 32 ]. Hassan et al found differences only in the apical level between the right and left sides in both females and males [ 33 ]. Thus, although there are a few regional studies in accord with the results of our study, other studies’ outcomes were contradictory to our findings.…”