Thickness optimization of SnO2 electron transporting layer in perovskite solar cells assembled under ambient atmosphere

Effect of Annealing Temperature on the Morphology, Structure and Optical Properties of Spin-Coated SnO2 Films for Solar Cell Application

“…This study is motivated by the prevalent use of elevated temperatures (e.g., 500 • C and higher) for applying SnO2 as an electron transport layer (ETL) in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) [6,7]. However, the obstacle to utilizing this effective ETL material in commercial PSCs lies in costly deposition techniques like physical vapor deposition (PVD) and molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) [2].…”

“…The objective of this study is to make SnO 2 thin films using a cost-effective method and decrease the post-annealing temperature considerably below 200 • to achieve comparable properties of high-temperature-annealed SnO 2 thin films [2,6]. In our research, we used the spin coating technique for film deposition because it is inexpensive and simple, and the film thickness is controllable.…”