Thidiazuron-enhanced biosynthesis and antimicrobial efficacy of silver nanoparticles via improving phytochemical reducing potential in callus culture of Linum usitatissimum L.

Abstract

Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) by using plants is an emerging class of nanobiotechnology. It revolutionizes all domains of medical sciences by synthesizing chemical-free AgNPs for various biomedical applications. In this report, AgNPs were successfully synthesized by using whole plant extract (WPE) and thidiazuron-induced callus extract (CE) of Linum usitatissimum . The phytochemical analysis revealed that the total phenolic and flavonoid contents were higher in CE than that in WPE. Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy of synthesized AgNPs showed a characteristic surface plasmon band in the range of 410–426 nm. Bioreduction of CE-mediated AgNPs was completed in a shorter time than that of WPE-mediated AgNPs. Scanning electron microscopy showed that both types of synthesized AgNPs were spherical in shape, but CE-mediated AgNPs were smaller in size (19–24 nm) and more scattered in distribution than that of WPE-mediated AgNPs (49–54 nm). X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed crystalline nature (face-centered cubic) of both types of AgNPs. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy revealed that the polyphenols and flavonoids were mainly responsible for reduction and capping of synthesized AgNPs. Energy dispersive X-ray analysis further confirmed the successful synthesis of AgNPs. Moreover, the synthesized AgNPs were found to be stable over months with no change in the surface plasmon bands. More importantly, CE-mediated AgNPs displayed significantly higher bactericidal activity against multiple drug-resistant human pathogens than WPE-mediated AgNPs. The present work highlighted the potent role of thidiazuron in in vitro-derived cultures for enhanced biosynthesis of chemical-free AgNPs, which can be used as nanomedicines in many biomedical applications.

Biosynthesis and Cytotoxic Properties of Ag, Au, and Bimetallic Nanoparticles Synthesized Using Lithospermum erythrorhizon Callus Culture Extract

“…Overall, the obtained results illustrate that the silver and gold ions had indeed been reduced to Ag 0 and Au 0 by components of the L. erythrorhizon callus culture extract under the reaction conditions. The characterization data of these biologically synthesized NPs conformed to those reported earlier by different authors [59,63,67]. The Fourier-transformed infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy measurements were carried out to estimate the possible biomolecules participating in reduction and stabilization of the metal nanoparticles mediated by the L. erythrorhizon callus extract (Figure 5).…”

“…The first report describing how Carica papaya callus can be used for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in the range of 60-80 nm was published by Mude and coauthors [57]. Subsequently, metal nanoparticles were obtained using extracts of Taxus yunnanensis [58], Hyptis suaveolens [59], Citrullus colocynthis [60], Panax ginseng [61], Sesuvium portulacastrum [62], Linum usitatissimum [63], Nicotiana tabacum [64], and Solanum incanum [65] cell cultures. AgNPs and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been produced using Michelia champaca calli [66].…”

Effect of Plant Extracts on the Characteristics of Silver Nanoparticles for Topical Application

“…According to our results, we may conclude that phenolic and flavonoid compounds participated in Ag ions reduction and in the capping substance that stabilized AgNPs, and are also accountable for their antioxidant capacity. The importance of TPC and TFC of the extracts in the AgNPs formation is described in detail in the literature [38].…”

Gümüş Nanopartiküllerinin Biyosentezi ve Biyosensör Materyali Olarak Kullanımı

“…Arabidopsis thaliana, Centella asiatica, Hordeum vulgare, Linum usitatissimum, Sesuvium portulacastrum, Taxus yunnanensis, Cinnamonum camphora gibi birçok bitkisel materyal ve bitki doku kültürü ile üretilen kallus ekstraktları AgNP'lerin biyosentezi için kullanılmıştır (Nabikhan et al, 2010;Mandeh et al, 2012;Netala et al, 2015;Anjum & Abbasi, 2016;Xia et al, 2016;Abbasi et al, 2017;Aref & Salem, 2020) (Tablo 1).…”

“…Sulu ekstrelerin reaksiyon karışımı 6 saat içinde tamamlanmıştır. TDZ içerikli kallus reaksiyonundaki Ag iyonlarının indirgenmesi 2 saat içerisinde tamamlanmıştır (Anjum & Abbasi, 2016).…”