Thin-Film Organic Electronic Devices

Katz, Howard E.; Huang, Jia

doi:10.1146/annurev-matsci-082908-145433

Cited by 248 publications

(169 citation statements)

References 168 publications

(161 reference statements)

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“…Together with inorganic materials, conducting polymers have also been intensively studied for polymer electrochromic devices (PECDs) [2]. Besides, conjugate polymers have been used for other applications such as polymer conductors [3], elec-tronic components [4] [5], organic light-emitting diodes (OLED) [6] and solar cells (OSC) [7]. This is because conjugate polymers exhibit valuable advantages, such as thermal stability, low cost and easy preparation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Electrochromic Properties of Polyaniline Thin Films Electropolymerized in H2SO4 Solution

Ninh¹,

Thảo²,

Long³

et al. 2016

OJOPM

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Polyaniline (PANI) onto indium-doped tin-oxide (ITO)-coated glass samples were prepared by electroopolymerization in 0.5 M H 2 SO 4 solution. Structure and morphology characterization of the PANI films demonstrated that the films were grown onto ITO substrates in the form of polycrystalline microbelts separated by micropores. By analysing the UV-Vis absorption spectra of the PANI films, the energy bandgap was found to be approximately 2.75 eV. The PANI/ITO films exhibited a good reversible electrochromic display (ECD) performance when cycled in 0.1 M LiClO 4 + pro-pylene carbonate. The response time of the ECD coloration was found to be as small as 15 s and the coloration efficiency was found to be 8.85 cm 2 × C −1 . After 100 cycles of the ECD performance, the cyclic voltammetry curve of the working electrode maintained unchanged. This demonstrates that the electropolymerized PANI films can be served as a good candidate for ECD applications, taking advantage of their excellent properties in terms of chemical stability.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Electrochromic Properties of Polyaniline Thin Films Electropolymerized in H2SO4 Solution

Ninh¹,

Thảo²,

Long³

et al. 2016

OJOPM

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“…inverted OLEDs | electron injection | electron transport | amorphous oxide semiconductor | low work function material E lectronic and photonic devices based on organic semiconductors have attracted much attention due to their intrinsic characteristics that are difficult to achieve in inorganic semiconductors, such as flexibility and the capability of precise molecular design of active organic layers (1)(2)(3). However, organic devices suffer from the material properties that organic semiconductors in general have: rather high lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) levels and low electron mobilities, such as 10 −6 to 10 −3 cm 2 /(V·s).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Transparent amorphous oxide semiconductors for organic electronics: Application to inverted OLEDs

Hosono

Kim

Yoshitake

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

119

112

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Efficient electron transfer between a cathode and an active organic layer is one key to realizing high-performance organic devices, which require electron injection/transport materials with very low work functions. We developed two wide-bandgap amorphous (a-) oxide semiconductors, a-calcium aluminate electride (a-C12A7:e) and a-zinc silicate (a-ZSO). A-ZSO exhibits a low work function of 3.5 eV and high electron mobility of 1 cm 2 /(V · s); furthermore, it also forms an ohmic contact with not only conventional cathode materials but also anode materials. A-C12A7:e has an exceptionally low work function of 3.0 eV and is used to enhance the electron injection property from a-ZSO to an emission layer. The inverted electron-only and organic light-emitting diode (OLED) devices fabricated with these two materials exhibit excellent performance compared with the normal type with LiF/Al. This approach provides a solution to the problem of fabricating oxide thin-film transistor-driven OLEDs with both large size and high stability.inverted OLEDs | electron injection | electron transport | amorphous oxide semiconductor | low work function material E lectronic and photonic devices based on organic semiconductors have attracted much attention due to their intrinsic characteristics that are difficult to achieve in inorganic semiconductors, such as flexibility and the capability of precise molecular design of active organic layers (1-3). However, organic devices suffer from the material properties that organic semiconductors in general have: rather high lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) levels and low electron mobilities, such as 10 −6 to 10 −3 cm 2 /(V·s). This leads to inefficiency in electron injection/transport between an electrode and an organic active layer and a large energy loss. In other words, the creation of materials suitable for efficient electron injection layers (EILs) and electron transport layers (ETLs), with very low work functions, reasonable chemical stability, and high electron mobility, should lead to organic devices with improved performance.Organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) are regarded as nextgeneration flat-panel displays (4). Although small high-resolution OLED displays are used widely for smart phones/tablets, and large televisions are being commercialized, several issues still remain, such as lifetime, image sticking, power consumption, and production cost (5). The recent high-resolution OLED pixels (6) with reduced aperture ratios [areal ratio of thin-film transistor (TFT) to pixel] raise the importance of the top emissiontype structure for practical use. For large OLEDs, it is unrealistic to use low-temperature polycrystalline silicon (LTPS) TFTs for backplanes. Only oxide TFTs, as represented by a-In-Ga-Zn-O (a-IGZO) (7), are practical candidates for the backplane (8, 9). The current small OLEDs use normal-type structures combined with p-channel LTPS TFTs. However, only n-channel TFTs are possible for oxide TFTs in actual applications. Simple substitution of the p-channel LTPS TFTs wi...

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“…The most mature organic electronic devices are arguably organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs), thin film transistors (TFTs), solar cells, and memory devices [11][12][13][14][15]. Some of these technologies, like OLEDs for instance, have been implemented in electronic products currently available on the market [11,16]. Despite all the advantages organic materials offer, certain limitations persist.…”

Section: Organic Electronics Versus Conventional Electronicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Addressability and GHz Operation in Flexible Electronics

Sani

2016

Linköping Studies in Science and Technology. Dissertations

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The first principle is that you must not fool yourself and you are the easiest person to fool. -Richard FeynmanThe discovery of conductive polymers in 1977 opened up a whole new path for flexible electronics. Conducting polymers and organic semiconductors are carbon rich compounds that are able to conduct charges while flexed and are compatible with low-cost and large-scale processes including printing and coating techniques. The conducting polymer has aided the rapidly expanding field of flexible electronics, leading to many new applications such as electronic skin, RFID tags, smart labels, flexible displays, implantable medical devices, and flexible sensors.However, there are several remaining challenges in the production and implementation of flexible electronic materials and devices. The conductivity of organic conductors and semiconductors is still orders of magnitude lower compared to their inorganic counterparts. In addition, non-flexible inorganic semiconductors still remain the materials of choice for high frequency applications; since the charge carrier mobility and thus operational speed of the organic materials are limited. Therefore, there remains a high demand to combine the high frequency operation of inorganic semiconductors with the flexible fabrication methods of organic systems for future electronics.In addition to the challenges in the choice of materials in flexible electronics, the upscaling of the flexible devices and implementing them in circuits can also be complicated. Lack of non-linearity is an issue that arises when flexible devices with linear behavior need to be incorporated in an array or matrix form. Non-linearity is important for applications such as displays and memory arrays, where the devices are arranged as matrix cells addressed by their row and column number. If the behavior of cells in the matrix is linear, addressing each cell affects the adjacent cells. Therefore, inducing non-linearity and, consequently, addressability in such linear devices is the first step before scaling up into matrix schemes.In this work, non-linear organic/inorganic hybrid devices are produced to overcome the limitations mentioned above and leverage the advantages of both organic and inorganic materials. Two novel methods are developed to incorporate non-flexible inorganic semiconductors into ultra-high frequency (UHF) flexible devices. In the first method, Si is ground into a powder with micrometer-sized particles and printed through standard screen printing. For the first time, allprinted flexible diodes operating in the GHz range are produced. The energy harvesting application of the printed diodes is demonstrated in a flexible circuit coupling an antenna and the display to the diode.A second and simpler room-temperature method based on lamination was later developed, which further improves device performance and operational frequency. Here, a flexible semiconducting composite film consisting of Si microparticles, glycerol, and nano-fibrillated cellulose is produced and used as the semiconduct...

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Thin-Film Organic Electronic Devices

Cited by 248 publications

References 168 publications

Characterization of Electrochromic Properties of Polyaniline Thin Films Electropolymerized in H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> Solution

Characterization of Electrochromic Properties of Polyaniline Thin Films Electropolymerized in H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> Solution

Transparent amorphous oxide semiconductors for organic electronics: Application to inverted OLEDs

Addressability and GHz Operation in Flexible Electronics

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Thin-Film Organic Electronic Devices

Cited by 248 publications

References 168 publications

Characterization of Electrochromic Properties of Polyaniline Thin Films Electropolymerized in H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;SO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; Solution

Characterization of Electrochromic Properties of Polyaniline Thin Films Electropolymerized in H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;SO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; Solution

Transparent amorphous oxide semiconductors for organic electronics: Application to inverted OLEDs

Addressability and GHz Operation in Flexible Electronics

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Characterization of Electrochromic Properties of Polyaniline Thin Films Electropolymerized in H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> Solution

Characterization of Electrochromic Properties of Polyaniline Thin Films Electropolymerized in H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> Solution