Thin film tin oxide-based propane gas sensors

Bonilla

et al. 2018

Sensors

Nanoparticles of manganese antimonate (MnSb2O6) were prepared using the microwave-assisted colloidal method for its potential application as a gas sensor. For the synthesis of the oxide, manganese nitrate, antimony chloride, ethylenediamine and ethyl alcohol (as a solvent) were used. The precursor material was calcined at 800 °C in air and analyzed by X-ray diffraction. The oxide crystallized into a hexagonal structure with spatial group P321 and cell parameters a = b = 8.8054 Å and c = 4.7229 Å. The microstructure of the material was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), finding the growth of microrods with a size of around ~10.27 μm and some other particles with an average size of ~1.3 μm. Photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS) studies showed that the optical energy band (Eg) of the oxide was of ~1.79 eV. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analyses indicated that the size of the nanoparticles was of ~29.5 nm on average. The surface area of the powders was estimated at 14.6 m2/g by the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) method. Pellets prepared from the nanoparticles were tested in carbon monoxide (CO) and propane (C3H8) atmospheres at different concentrations (0–500 ppm) and operating temperatures (100, 200 and 300 °C). The pellets were very sensitive to changes in gas concentration and temperature: the response of the material rose as the concentration and temperature increased. The results showed that the MnSb2O6 nanoparticles can be a good candidate to be used as a novel gas sensor.

“…The operating temperatures were 100, 200 and 300 °C for both gases. The sensitivity ( S ) of the pellets was estimated according to the equation [5,7,9,12,21,22]:

S = \frac{G_{G} - G_{O}}{G_{O}},

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensitivity Tests of Pellets Made from Manganese Antimonate Nanoparticles in Carbon Monoxide and Propane Atmospheres

Bonilla

et al. 2018

Sensors

“…The pellets' electrical resistance was measured at C 3 H 8 and CO concentrations of 0, 5, 50, 100, 200, 300, 400, and 500 ppm, at temperatures of 23 (ambient), 100, 200, and 300 ∘ C. Their gas response ( ) was calculated by the relative difference of the electric conductance (the reciprocal of the electric resistance), according to the expression [5,[11][12][13][14] …”

Section: Pellet Preparation For the Gas Response Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, some authors have placed great emphasis on the study of materials capable of detecting propane (C 3 H 8 ) and carbon monoxide (CO) at different concentrations and operating temperatures [5]. ZnO and SnO 2 are the most commonly used oxides to detect C 3 H 8 and CO because they possess good thermal stability in these gases [11,12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gas Sensing Properties of NiSb₂O₆ Micro- and Nanoparticles in Propane and Carbon Monoxide Atmospheres

Journal of Nanomaterials

Flores

et al. 2017

Micro-and nanoparticles of NiSb 2 O 6 were synthesized by the microwave-assisted colloidal method. Nickel nitrate, antimony chloride, ethylenediamine, and ethyl alcohol were used. The oxide was obtained at 600 ∘ C and was analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy, showing a trirutile-type structure with cell parameters = 4.641Å, = 9.223Å, and a space group P4 2 /mnm (136). Average crystal size was estimated at ∼31.19 nm, according to the XRD-peaks. The microstructure was scrutinized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), observing microrods measuring ∼3.32 m long and ∼2.71 m wide, and microspheres with an average diameter of ∼8 m; the size of the particles shaping the microspheres was measured in the range of ∼0.22 to 1.8 m. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed that nanoparticles were obtained with sizes in the range of 2 to 20 nm (∼10.7 nm on average). Pellets made of oxide's powders were tested in propane (C 3 H 8 ) and carbon monoxide (CO) atmospheres at different concentrations and temperatures. The response of the material increased significantly as the temperature and the concentration of the test gases rose. These results show that NiSb 2 O 6 may be a good candidate for gas sensing applications.

“…The pellets of ZnSb 2 O 6 , with a thickness of 500 m, were exposed to carbon monoxide (CO) and propane (C 3 H 8 ) flows at concentrations 5, 50, 100, 200, and 300 ppm of both gases. Working temperatures were 23 ∘ C (ambient), 150 ∘ C, and 250 ∘ C. The sensitivity changes ( ) were evaluated using [30][31][32]…”

Section: Pellets Preparation For Gas Sensitivity Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

CO and C₃H₈ Sensitivity Behavior of Zinc Antimonate Prepared by a Microwave‐Assisted Solution Method

Journal of Nanomaterials

Reyes-Gómez

et al. 2015

ZnSb2O6has been synthesized by a microwave-assisted solution method in order to test its possible application as a gas sensor. Zinc nitrate, antimony trichloride, and ethylenediamine were used as precursors and deionized water as solvent. Microwave radiation, with a power of ~350 W, was applied for solvent evaporation. The thermal decomposition of the precursors leads to the formation of ZnSb2O6at 600°C. This oxide crystallized in a tetragonal structure with cell parametersa=4.66 Å,c=9.26 Å and space groupP42/mnm. Microwires and microrods formed by nanocrystals were observed by means of scanning and transmission electron microscopies (SEM and TEM, resp.). Pellets of the oxide were tested as gas sensors in flowing atmospheres of carbon monoxide (CO) and propane (C3H8). Sensitivity increased with the gas concentration (0–300 ppm) and working temperatures (ambient, 150 and 250°C) increase. The results indicate high sensitivity of ZnSb2O6in both gases at different concentrations and operating temperatures.