“…These thin films enabled the use of Substrate Modification And Replication by Thermoforming (SMART) technology, which has been previously described [ 3 , 13 , [39] , [40] , [41] ]. The method utilizes microthermoforming [ 42 , 43 ] in combination with pre-processed polymer films to generate patterned, curvilinear surfaces. For this purpose, we fabricated a brass mold with microcavity arrays of 800 μm diameter ( Fig.…”