Thin-layer hydration method to prepare a green tea extract niosomal gel and its antioxidant performance

Abstract

This study aimed to prepare a niosomal gel of green tea (Camellia sinensis) extract containing catechins, mostly epigallocatechin-3-gallate (ECGC), as a potent antioxidant. Niosomes can increase EGCG's stability and penetration into the skin for a better therapeutic effect. Niosomes were prepared by a thin-layer hydration method, were evaluated for their vesicle shape, particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential and entrapment efficiency, and then incorporated into gels using sodium alginate as a gelling agent. Three niosomal gel formulations were prepared with different concentrations of niosomes green tea extract. Afterwards, organoleptic properties, chemical and physical characteristics, antioxidant activity, and stability and irritability of the niosomal gels were investigated. The different concentrations of green tea extract had a significant effect on the physical characteristics, but not on the chemical ones. Its antioxidant activity was determined using the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging method. The 50% extract green tea niosomes gel showed the highest inhibition value (25.13%). The stability was determined by freeze–thaw and real-time methods; they showed a decrease in pH, but still within the pH range of skin. The irritability test used was the Hen's Egg Test-Chorioallantoic Membrane (HET-CAM) method, which showed no irritation for all formulas. In conclusion, 50% green tea extract niosomes gel results showed it to be the best formulation with optimal antioxidant results.

Antibacterial and antibiofilm potentials of vancomycin-loaded niosomal drug delivery system against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections

“…In the current research, the ultra-centrifugation assay was used to evaluate the EE% of VAN-niosome. Firstly, 2 ml of niosomal formulation was centrifuged at 7,500 g at 25 °C for 25 min in an ultra Amicon tube [ 49 ]. Subsequently, the OD of the supernatant was calculated with a UV spectrophotometry (Jasco V-530, Japan) at 281 nm, and the specific amount of free VAN was estimated by a standard curve equation [ 50 ].…”

Formulation and Evaluation of Herbal Hydrogel Containing Ageratum conyzoides Leaves Ethanol Extracts

“…The results of the viscosity test of Ageratum leaf hydrogel (Ageratum conyzoides L.) showed that the viscosity test results at FAE 1, FAE 2, and FAE 3 showed good viscosity test results (Table 4) because they were still in the appropriate viscosity range literature (Chasanah et al, 2021). Statistic analysis for the formula didn't show a different result (p > 0.05).…”