Abstract. The TiO2-SnO2 thin film has successfully been synthesized using the coprecipitation method and was coated on ITO (Indium Tin Oxide) substrate by doctor-blade technique. The structure and morphology of the film were investigated by XRD and SEM, respectively. The results showed that the film with SnO2 has a stronger formation of anatase phase compared to TiO2 film. The morphological study is also revealed that the TiO2-SnO2 film has a more porous nature and uniform particle aggregates, and the presence of SnO2 has been confirmed with EDX spectra.Keywords: co-precipitation, doctor blade, TiO2-SnO2 thin film, microstructure, nanoporous
IntroductionTitanium dioxide (TiO2) is one of the most selected and studied extensively as photoanodes materials in DSSCs [1][2]. TiO2 can be found in its three polymorphs in nature: anatase, brookite, and rutile. However, anatase is mostly used due to its excellent stability and photoactivity. As the main material of the photoanode, characteristics of TiO2 such as structure and morphology will certainly affect the whole characteristics of DSSC.The photoanode in DSSC should possess stable and porous structure, enormous surface area, high molecules dye-loading capacity and solid structure of the surface film [2-4]. The physical and chemical properties of TiO2 can be modified by incorporating metals and nonmetals element to tailor the properties of TiO2 for enhancing the photovoltaic application especially in DSSCs [1]. Doping with SnO2 can improve the stability of crystallinity of TiO2 because it has porous nature, fast rate of electron transport, higher electric mobility, long-term stability under UV-illumination and excellent performance in an acidic condition [2,5,6].Many methods have been employed to synthesize TiO2 nanoparticles, such as Stӧber [7], hydrothermal [8] and sol-gel [9]. Recently, the co-precipitation method has been extensively investigated to synthesized TiO2 nanoparticles due to low processing temperature, ease of composition control, high purity and good chemical homogeneity [10]. In this work, we synthesized TiO2 and TiO2-SnO2 nanocomposites by a co-precipitation method, then coated on ITO film. The structure and morphology of TiO2-SnO2 film were characterized and compared to TiO2 film.