Thin Wire Representation in Finite Difference Time Domain Surge Simulation

Noda,; Yokoyama,

doi:10.1109/mper.2002.4312236

Cited by 47 publications

(86 citation statements)

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“…In order to reduce the large amount of calculation, the skin depth of the conductors was set to be zero due to the high frequency of the lightning current, and therefore only the surface of the conductors were computed. The comparison results indicate that the magnetic fields obtained by simulation are lower than that by IEC equation, which was consistent with the results in technical literature [6].…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Magnetic field distribution inside metallic grid-like buildings struck by lightning based on finite element method

Liu

Wang

Zhao

et al. 2014

2014 International Conference on Lightning Protection (ICLP)

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This paper dealt with the evaluation of magnetic field in a lightning protection system (LPS) of a metallic grid-like building. The finite element method was used, based on the numerical solution of Maxwell's equations in frequency domain. The presented method takes into account electromagnetic coupling of the reinforced steel bars automatically. The verification structure under study comprises a cubic cage of 10 m side length having grid-like spatial shields with square meshes of 2 m width. In order to reduce the amount of calculation, a scaled model has been built up and the results are extrapolated using the similarity relations theory. Validation of the proposed method was performed by comparing the results with those computed available in IEC62305-4 equations.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Magnetic field distribution inside metallic grid-like buildings struck by lightning based on finite element method

Liu

Wang

Zhao

et al. 2014

2014 International Conference on Lightning Protection (ICLP)

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“…Unlike the lightning channel, the man-made metallic structures do not radiate and only the electric field along the respective thin wires is set to zero. Also, extra provisions should be made in the FDTD code to avoid discretization errors (Noda and Yokoyama, 2002). The well-known MPICH software (Bridges et al, 1995) is used for code parallelization procedures.…”

Section: Parallel Fdtd Techniquementioning

confidence: 99%

Current and radiated electromagnetic fields due to lightning return strokes when hitting elevated objects

Hajebi

Khosravi-Farsani

Sadeghi

et al. 2016

COMPEL - The International Journal for Computation and Mathematics in Electrical and Electronic Engineering

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Purpose Tall towers have a high potential for being struck by lightning which is a major source of electromagnetic radiation with adverse effects on electric, electronic and telecommunication instruments. The paper aims to present an accurate method for predicting the radiated electromagnetic fields and current distribution along the lightning channel and the tower hit by the lightning. Design/methodology/approach The electromagnetic model is utilized to model the lightning channel and the tower is represented by lossy conducting wires. The finite difference time domain (FDTD) method is used to solve for the governing Maxwell’s equations. Due to the large computational space, the FDTD code is paralleled between several computer processors. To enhance the efficiency of the code, a non-uniform mesh is used, reducing the mesh length in the air-ground interface. For model evaluation, simulated current distribution along the lightning channel and tower, and the radiated electromagnetic fields are compared with the measurement data and those obtained using the engineering models. Findings The proposed modeling technique has proved to be more accurate than the conventional methods, particularly in the prediction of current distribution along the tall tower and the vertical component of the radiated electric field. Originality/value The main feature of the proposed technique is its ability to consider the impact of metallic structures in a large space around lightning channel on the predicted radiated electromagnetic fields, having no concern on computer memory requirements.

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“…The ground resistivity was set to 100 Ω·m. For the FDTD simulation, the VSTL program [12,13] was used. The analytical accuracy of the FDTD simulation was verified compared with the experimental results using the reducedscale model in the reference [9], resulted in accuracy to within around 2% or less difference at the maximum voltages.…”

Section: Analysis Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lightning surge into a substation at a back-flashover and review of lightning protective level through the FDTD simulation

Takami

Tsuboi

Yamamoto

et al. 2014

IEEE Trans. Dielect. Electr. Insul.

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Higher accuracy in the lightning-surge analysis has been pursued; based on circuit analysis. However, the need to analyze phenomena where a plane wave propagation mode cannot be assumed is an outstanding issue. The finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method is a dominant measure to solve such issue. This study evaluated surge waveforms intruding into a 500 kV air-insulated substation due to a back-flashover through FDTD simulation. The lightning surges were calculated with the inclined angle of the incoming line changed from 0 to 69 degrees and the voltage of the lightning surge intruding into the substation decreased with increasing incline angle of the incoming line. At the open end of the incoming line to the substation at the circuit breaker, the voltage was minimized and maximized when the span length was 20 m and 200 m respectively. This result differed in terms of characteristics from that obtained using the conventional circuit analysis model, whereby the voltage was minimized when the span length was 200 m. The lightning overvoltage at the circuit breaker terminal based on FDTD analysis was lower than that based on circuit analysis. Their relative ratio is 0.557 for a standard incoming line span length of 150 m, showing a 44 % reduction in FDTD analysis from the circuit analytical result. Since the current lightning impulse test voltage is evaluated based on this circuit analytical result, it was clarified that the lightning impulse test voltage level could be potentially reduced with consideration of the inclined conductors at the incoming line span, the vertical conductors of the tower and lightning path, and their mutual coupling with the transmission line. Index Terms -Transmission line, substation, incoming line, lightning surge, backflashover, non-uniform line, lightning protection design.

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Thin Wire Representation in Finite Difference Time Domain Surge Simulation

Cited by 47 publications

References 0 publications

Magnetic field distribution inside metallic grid-like buildings struck by lightning based on finite element method

Magnetic field distribution inside metallic grid-like buildings struck by lightning based on finite element method

Current and radiated electromagnetic fields due to lightning return strokes when hitting elevated objects

Lightning surge into a substation at a back-flashover and review of lightning protective level through the FDTD simulation

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