“…Rather than focusing solely on how to increase accommodation access, institutional and classroom policies could better follow UD guidance by allowing all students to take the amount of time that they need to complete tests or assignments without penalty or judgment (Center for Universal Design, 1997; Samuels, 2017). For every student who requests extended time, for example, there may be others who need a similar accommodation but do not come forward because of barriers such as disability stigma or insufficient medical documentation (Ball & Traxler, 2023; National Center for Education Statistics, 2022). Universally designed courses offer the opportunity to ensure that all students can demonstrate their mastery of course material as opposed to showing how adept they are at performing in a particular modality (e.g., completing work in a certain timeframe; Center for Universal Design, 1997).…”