The somatosensory system is important for many functions, such as tactile recognition, the perception of our body, and motor actions. We present a comprehensive review of the human and animal literature on somatosensory processing over the past 10 years and evaluate how well existing models can accommodate the new observations. Based on these observations and a survey of the brain structures involved in somatosensation, we suggest that a new model is needed that describes multiple networks involved in separate subfunctions. These networks are highly interconnected and often multimodal in nature. The model includes basic somatosensory processing and five higherorder networks involved in haptic object recognition and memory, body perception, body ownership, affective processing, and action.
The Role and Early Theories of Somatosensory ProcessingSomatosensory processing is central to life; a touch on the shoulder, a soft stroke on the handboth can say more that words. We use it to be aware of the parts that belong to our body, it has an important social function, and it is crucial for socioemotional development. It is also important for almost every activity during our daily life and forms the basis of all of our motor actions. Furthermore, somatosensory processing allows us to recognize with ease different objects based on touch alone (haptic object recognition; see Glossary). Thus, the processing of touch, temperature, pain, and proprioception are important for survival, for efficient interaction with the environment, and for emotional and social functioning.