This paper introduces a special issue on logic and philosophy of religion in this journal (Sophia). After discussing the role played by logic in the philosophy of religion along with classical developments, we present the basic motivation for this special issue accompanied by an exposition of its content. Keywords Logic. Philosophy of religion. Arguments for and against the existence of God. Analysis of the religious concepts. World Congress on Logic and Religion From a historical point of view, logic has been a constant companion of philosophical reflections about religion. Arguments for and against the existence of God have been proposed and subjected to logical analysis in different periods of the history of philosophy. A good example of this are the several versions of the ontological argument which appeared since Anselm's seminal work, the Proslogion, in the eleventh century, as well as the several kinds of logical scrutiny which they have been subjected to. Some of the greatest pre-twentieth century philosophers, including Descartes, Leibniz, Spinoza, and Kant, have either proposed or analyzed ontological arguments. Ontological arguments are of course just one type of theist arguments, albeit the best exemplar of a priori arguments for the existence of God. Other (kinds of) arguments of historical importance are cosmological arguments, moral arguments, teleological and design arguments, arguments from miracles, etc. From the perspective of atheist arguments, the problem of evil occupies a prominent place. Names such as Epicurus, Aquinas, Leibniz, Hume, and Kant have addressed it.