Thiomers of Chitosan and Cellulose: Effective Biosorbents for Detection, Removal and Recovery of Metal Ions from Aqueous Medium

Abstract

Removal of toxic metal ions using adsorbents is a well‐known strategy for water treatment. While chitosan and cellulose can adsorb weakly some types of metals, incorporating thiols as metal chelating agents can improve their sorption behaviors significantly. Presented in this review are the various chemical modification strategies applicable for thiolation of chitosan and cellulose in the forms of mercaptans, xanthates and dithiocarbamates. Moreover, much attention has been paid to the specific strategies for controlling the thiolation degree and characterization approaches for establishing the structure‐property relationship. Also, the kinetics and isotherm models that elucidate the adsorption processes and mechanisms induced by the thiomers have been explained. These thiomers have found great potentials in the applications associated with metal removal, metal recovery and metal detection.

Recent advances in aqueous virus removal technologies

“…Catalytic ozonation is another template that has attracted plenty of scholars. The utilization of catalysts (which can be homogeneous and heterogeneous such as metal ions and oxides) brings about concentrated active free radical generation that leads to pollutants degradation promotion and virus elimination, which depended on the pH ( Wang and Chen, 2020 ; Seidi et al, 2021b ). However, some investigations suggest that ozonation combined with activated sludge filtration is appropriate to inactivate microbial contamination even to a lower degree than standards required to reuse drinking water in various applications ( Alfonso-Muniozguren et al, 2018 ).…”

Piezoelectric Polymeric Foams as Flexible Energy Harvesters: A Review

“…body fluids, tissues, and other portable devices which makes them an ideal candidate for such applications. [18,[114][115][116][117][118][119][120][121][122][123][124][125] However, apart from the biomedical sectors, broad applications of polymeric PEH systems are found in the wireless network sensor, [126][127][128][129][130][131][132][133][134] optics, robotics, environmental monitoring, [135] underwater and electroacoustic transducers, [136] ultrasonics acoustic devices, [137] piezoelectric roads, [138] etc.…”

“…One of the major application areas includes the biomedical sector where flexible polymers are used as potential materials for artificial muscle actuators, explored as intrusive medical robots for diagnosis and microsurgery, and used as actuator implants for stimulating the growth of bones and tissues, thanks to their property of high impedance matching toward the human body fluids, tissues, and other portable devices which makes them an ideal candidate for such applications. [ 18,114–125 ] However, apart from the biomedical sectors, broad applications of polymeric PEH systems are found in the wireless network sensor, [ 126–134 ] optics, robotics, environmental monitoring, [ 135 ] underwater and electroacoustic transducers, [ 136 ] ultrasonics acoustic devices, [ 137 ] piezoelectric roads, [ 138 ] etc.…”

Design, preparation, and characterization of silk fibroin/carboxymethyl cellulose wound dressing for skin tissue regeneration applications

“…SF is broadly used in biomedical applications such as drug delivery systems, sutures, and tissue engineering. [22][23][24][25] One of its usages is in the preparation of wound dressings, which features such as biocompatibility, permeability to water and oxygen, low inflammatory response, mechanical stability, and the ability to simulate the skin environment and wound removal, makes it a suitable natural polymer in case of a proper wound healing. SF can be shaped into scaffolds, sponges, films, hydrogels, and micro/nanoparticles.…”