Dicopper(II) and
dizinc(II) complexes [Cu2(MeOOCLCOO)(CH3COO)2] (1)
and [Zn2(MeOOCLCOO)(CH3COO)2] (2) were synthesized by reaction of
Cu(CH3COO)2·H2O and Zn(CH3COO)2·2H2O with a new nonsymmetric
dinucleating ligand EtOOCHLCOOEt prepared by condensation of 6-hydrazinyl-11H-indolo[3,2-c]quinoline with diethyl-2,2′-((3-formyl-2-hydroxy-5-methylbenzyl)azanediyl)diacetate.
The design and synthesis of this elaborate ligand was performed with
the aim of increasing the aqueous solubility of indolo[3,2-c]quinolines, known as biologically active compounds, and
investigating the antiproliferative activity in human cancer cell
lines and the cellular distribution by exploring the intrinsic fluorescence
of the indoloquinoline scaffold. The compounds have been comprehensively
characterized by elemental analysis, spectroscopic methods (IR, UV–vis, 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy), ESI mass spectrometry,
magnetic susceptibility measurements, and UV–vis complex formation
studies (for 1) as well as by X-ray crystallography (1 and 2). The antiproliferative activity of EtOOCHLCOOEt, 1, and 2 was determined by the MTT assay
in three human cancer cell lines, namely, A549 (nonsmall cell lung
carcinoma), CH1 (ovarian carcinoma), and SW480 (colon adenocarcinoma),
yielding IC50 values in the micromolar concentration range
and showing dependence on the cell line. The effect of metal coordination
on cytotoxicity of EtOOCHLCOOEt is also discussed. The subcellular distribution
of EtOOCHLCOOEt and 2 was investigated by fluorescence microscopy,
revealing similar localization for both compounds in cytoplasmic structures.