Thioprofundum hispidum sp. nov., an obligately chemolithoautotrophic sulfur-oxidizing gammaproteobacterium isolated from the hydrothermal field on Suiyo Seamount, and proposal of Thioalkalispiraceae fam. nov. in the order Chromatiales

Abstract

A novel mesophilic, facultatively anaerobic, sulfur-oxidizing bacterial strain, designated gps61T, was isolated from a surface rock sample collected from the hydrothermal field of Suiyo Seamount on the Izu-Bonin Arc in the Western Pacific Ocean. Cells of the isolate were rod-shaped with a single sheathed polar flagellum. Neither extensive internal membranes nor storage materials were present in the cells. In a 20 % CO2 atmosphere, strain gps61T grew using thiosulfate, sulfur or tetrathionate as electron donors and oxygen or nitrate as electron acceptors. Other substrates, including organic acids and sugars, did not support growth, indicating that strain gps61T was an obligate chemolithoautotroph. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain gps61T was closely related to Thioprofundum lithotrophicum 106T (98.5 % sequence similarity) in the order Chromatiales. Phylogenetic trees grouped strain gps61T and Thioprofundum lithotrophicum in the same cluster along with Thioalkalispira microaerophila and Thiohalophilus thiocyanoxidans, but it was apparent from the analysis that the novel strain had definitely departed from the family lineage. On the basis of its phylogenetic position along with its morphological and physiological characteristics, strain gps61T ( = NBRC 101261T = DSM 18546T) represents a novel species of the genus Thioprofundum, for which the name Thioprofundum hispidum sp. nov. is proposed. In addition, we propose a novel family name, Thioalkalispiraceae, in the order Chromatiales, to accommodate the genera Thioalkalispira, Thiohalophilus and Thioprofundum.

A Meta-Analysis of the Bacterial and Archaeal Diversity Observed in Wetland Soils

“…The following abundant genera were Thioprofundum and Methylobacter , accounting for 8.9% (129 sequences) and 8.0% (108 sequences) of gammaproteobacterial sequences, respectively. Thioprofundum was recently considered as a mesophilic, facultatively anaerobic, sulfur-oxidizing bacterial strain [48]. Methylobacter was reported as dominating in the Zoige wetland where the centers of methane emission were [24].…”

Large-scale seaweed cultivation diverges water and sediment microbial communities in the coast of Nan'ao Island, South China Sea

“…Also, increased OTUs at GZ are affiliated with microorganisms for sulfite-oxidization (Sulfitobacter OTU 8) (Pujalte et al, 2014) and methyl halidesoxidization (Leisingera OTU 73) (Schaefer, 2002). For those OTUs decreased at GZ, OTU 84 and OTU 2807 affiliated with obligatorily chemolithoautotrophic sulfur-oxidizing bacteria Thioprofundum (Mori et al, 2011), and OTU 517 associated with Pelobacter (Lovley et al, 1995) have the ability to reduce Fe (III) and S (0) with bioremediation potential in contaminated environments. A large number of unique OTUs affiliated with genus Sulfurimonas were highly abundant at GZ, which use S, H 2 or reduced S compounds to grow chemolithoautotrophically in marine sediments (Grote et al, 2012).…”

The Effects of Magnesium Hydroxide for the Microbial Community in the Sediments of a Eutrophic Closed Bay

“…Thioprofundum can use oxygen or nitrate as an electron acceptor, and the reduced inorganic forms of sulfur (such as Thiosulfate (S 2 O 3 2− ), elemental sulfur (S 0 ) and tetrathionate (S 4 O 6 2− )) as electron donors for their chemolithotrophic growth. Moreover, this genus of bacteria uses carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) as a sole carbon source [32]. In this experiment setup, the DO content of seawater above the surface of the sediments was kept around 0.4 mg L -1 , that could supply the oxygen for SOB to maintain the respiration activity.…”