Thioredoxins in cardiovascular disease

Whayne, Thomas F.; Parinandi, Narasimham L.; Maulik, Nilanjana

doi:10.1139/cjpp-2015-0105

Cited by 42 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…In AD, formation of beta amyloid plaques can induce oxidative damage to neurons via formation of H 2 O 2 , which is decomposed to the highly reactive hydroxyl (OH) radical in presence of Fe 2+ (Su et al, ; Whayne, Parinandi, & Maulik, ). More critical is the brain being highly susceptible to free radical attacks due to their rich content of polyunsaturated fatty acids, which are easily oxidized (Adefegha et al, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cabbage and cucumber extracts exhibited anticholinesterase, antimonoamine oxidase and antioxidant properties

Oboh

Ademiluyi

Ogunsuyi

et al. 2017

Journal of Food Biochemistry

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Aqueous extracts of cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata L) and cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) were evaluated for inhibitory effects on activities of enzymes (acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase and monoamine oxidase) relevant to neurodegeneration (in vitro). In addition, their total phenol and flavonoid contents, as well as HPLC characterization of constituent phenolic compounds were determined. Antioxidant properties and inhibition of lipid peroxidation in brain tissue by extracts were also evaluated. Both extracts inhibited these enzymes with cucumber extract being more potent. Cucumber extract also had higher phenolic contents. Quercetin, caffeic acid and gallic acid were some of the predominant phenolic compounds in both samples, but with significantly higher levels in cucumber. Furthermore, both extracts had antioxidant properties and inhibited lipid peroxidation. These findings may explain the potentials of cabbage and cucumber to serve as sources of phytochemicals for the management of Alzheimer's disease. Practical application Neurodegenerative diseases in general and Alzheimer's disease (AD) in particular remain a global health challenge with huge socioeconomic impacts and therapeutic drugs such as cholinesterase inhibitors used in the management of AD are not without their attendant side effects. Hence, the need for natural sources of these enzyme inhibitors with additional antioxidant properties, which can be of therapeutic benefit in the management of AD with little or no side effects. In this study, the neuroprotective potentials of cabbage and cucumber extracts were investigated as possible sources of functional foods and nutraceuticals for the management of AD.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cabbage and cucumber extracts exhibited anticholinesterase, antimonoamine oxidase and antioxidant properties

Oboh

Ademiluyi

Ogunsuyi

et al. 2017

Journal of Food Biochemistry

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“…Our results showed that decreased thiol levels may be an underlying pathophysiologic cause for development of CAD, and thus we speculate that our study can inspire the future studies about development of new treatment strategies so as to treat CAD. We hope that some molecules such as gamma-glutamylcysteine-ethyl-ester or thioredoxins affecting thiol levels or activity might provide a useful alternative to conventional medications for the prevention and treatment of CADs in near future [24,25].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The relation of serum thiol levels and thiol/disulphide homeostasis with the severity of coronary artery disease

et al. 2016

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A b s t r a c tBackground: The balance of oxidant and antioxidant status plays a key role in the coronary artery diseases (CAD). Thiol is one of the most important antioxidant barriers in humans, and thiol/disulphide homeostasis is a novel oxidative stress marker. Aim:We aimed to investigate the relation of serum thiol levels and thiol/disulphide homeostasis with the presence and severity of CAD. Methods:A total of 161 patients who underwent coronary angiography owing to stable angina pectoris were consecutively enrolled. They were divided into three groups. Group I -47 age-and gender-matched subjects with normal coronary angiography (control); group II -71 newly diagnosed CAD patients with noncritical stenosis; and group III -43 newly diagnosed CAD patients with critical stenosis. Serum native thiol, total thiol, and disulphide levels were measured, and disulphide/thiol ratios were calculated. Gensini scores were calculated in CAD patients.Results: While the highest thiol levels were found in group I, the lowest one was observed in group III (p < 0.001). Total and native thiol levels were significantly lower in group II than in group I (p < 0.001 for each), but they increased considerably in group II compared with group III (p = 0.031 and p = 0.028, respectively). Disulphide levels decreased in group II and III compared with group I (p < 0.001 for each). No statistically significant changes were observed in disulphide/thiol ratios (p > 0.05). Gensini scores were negatively correlated with total and native thiols, and positively with age and dyslipidaemia.Stepwise linear regression analyses showed that native thiol was an independent predictor in the final model for Gensini score. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis demonstrated that thiol values of 310.7 or below could predict CAD with 89% sensitivity and 85% specificity (AUC = 0.918; 95% CI 0.870-0.965). Conclusions:While the disulphide/thiol ratio did not change significantly, decreased native thiol levels were associated with the presence and severity of CAD. This result indicates that the reduction of thiols may be an important factor in the development of CAD.

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“…SFN has been shown to inhibit ECs proliferation via apoptosis and autophagy (27)(28)(29) and suppress VEGF and MMP-2 expression (30,31), the latter being associated with the inhibition of FOXO1/AKT pathways (32). Moreover, SFN is a known inducer of both thioredoxin reductase (TrxR1) and thioredoxin (26,33), which are involved in inflammation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, embryogenesis and cardiovascular disease involved in angiogenesis (34). The molecular mechanisms of SFN suppression of angiogenesis, in particular the effects on signalling pathways between ECs and pericytes in response to SFN treatment, are not fully understood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential effects of sulforaphane in regulation of angiogenesis in a co-culture model of endothelial cells and pericytes

et al. 2017

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Abstract. Aberrant neovascularization supports nutrients and the oxygen microenvironment in tumour growth, invasion and metastasis. Recapitulation of functional microvascular structures in vitro could provide a platform for the study of vascular conditions. Sulforaphane (SFN), an isothiocyanate, has been reported to possess chemopreventive properties. In the present study, the effects of SFN on cell proliferation and tubular formation have been investigated using endothelial cells (ECs) and pericytes in coculture. SFN showed a dosedependent inhibition on the growth of ECs and pericytes with IC 50 values 46.7 and 32.4 µM, respectively. SFN (5-20 µM) inhibited tube formation in a 3D coculture although a lower dose (1.25 µM) promoted 30% more endothelial tube formation than control. Moreover, SFN affected intercellular communication between ECs and pericytes via inhibition of angiogenic factor such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in pericytes. However, the expression of its receptor (VEGFR-2) was found significantly increased in ECs. These effects were associated with downregulation of prolyl hydroxylase domain-containing protein 1 and 2 (PHD1/2) and activation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF) pathway by SFN. Furthermore, thioredoxin reductase-1 was also upregulated by SFN treatment, suggesting that antioxidant and redox regulation are involved in angiogenesis. Taken together, the results of the present study suggest that SFN differentially regulates endothelial cells and pericytes disrupting their interplay through the VEGF-VEGFR signalling pathway. Anti-angiogenesis property of SFN indicates that it has potential role as an anticancer agent. IntroductionAngiogenesis, the growth of new capillary blood vessels, is a normal and vital process in growth, development and wound healing. However, it is also a fundamental step in the growth of tumours. Nutrients and oxygen, supplied by the blood vessels into the tumours, are essential for the growth and progression of malignant tumours beyond the size of 1-2 mm 3 (1). Newly formed blood vessels can facilitate cells escaping through leakage from primary tumour sites to metastasize, the major cause of mortality for cancer patients. Anti-angiogenesis has been recognized as valuable therapy in treatment of various metastatic cancers since the theory was first proposed by Folkman (2,3). Tumour angiogenesis is believed to be regulated by the interactions between pro-angiogenic and anti-angiogenic factors in the tumour microenvironment (4). Angiogenic response is a dynamic process requiring a series of fine-tuned angiogenic signalling and molecular events. Hypoxia is the common inducer of angiogenesis in the core of large tumours stimulating the release of pro-angiogenic factors to promote endothelial cell proliferation, migration, differentiation and self-assembly into vascular-like structures. Subsequently, perivascular cells are recruited to form mature and stable vessels (5).The interaction between endothelial cells (ECs) and pericytes (PVCs) has g...

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Thioredoxins in cardiovascular disease

Cited by 42 publications

References 51 publications

Cabbage and cucumber extracts exhibited anticholinesterase, antimonoamine oxidase and antioxidant properties

Cabbage and cucumber extracts exhibited anticholinesterase, antimonoamine oxidase and antioxidant properties

The relation of serum thiol levels and thiol/disulphide homeostasis with the severity of coronary artery disease

Differential effects of sulforaphane in regulation of angiogenesis in a co-culture model of endothelial cells and pericytes

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