Thioxanthone‐Based Hydrophilic Visible Photoinitiators for Radical Polymerization

Abstract

Three thioxanthone‐based hydrophilic visible photoinitiators (TX‐MPEG350, TX‐MPEG550, and TX‐MPEG750) are prepared and characterized. All of them exhibit excellent water dispersion properties. Real‐time FTIR investigation shows that they can be used as visible photoinitiators for radical polymerization in waterborne systems in the presence and absence of the hydrogen donors. Among them, TX‐MPEG550 has been illustrated as the best hydrophilic visible photoinitiator in the presence of hydrogen donors and would have great potential applications in waterborne visible photocuring systems after carefully investigating the photopolymerization behavior of TX‐MPEGs in different conditions.

Bisphosphonic Acid‐Functionalized Water‐Soluble Photoinitiators

“…It was observed that BPBP can initiate polymerization of PEGDA‐water (80:20 wt%) mixture in the absence of hydrogen donors, R pmax = 0.036 s −1 , t max = 0.08 min, and conversion = 81% ( Figure ). In the literature, thiol, hydroxy, amine, aldehyde, and carboxylic acid derivatives of TX were reported as effective one‐component photoinitiating systems. Therefore, we can expect that the hydroxyl proton can function as a hydrogen donor in the BPBP structure.…”

“…This idea was applied to some other materials as well. For example, the ionic hydrophilic groups such as quaternary ammonium salts, carboxylic acids, sulfonates, thiosulfates, or neutral hydrophilic groups such as long ethoxy ether chains (PEGs), oligomeric structures such as polyvinyl alcohols were incorporated into conventional photoinitiators such as benzyl, anthraquinone, polysilanes, Michler's ketone, aliphatic ketones, benzophenone and thioxanthone . Other water‐soluble photoinitiators reported previously in the literature include benzylidine cyclano dyes, xanthene dyes, carboxylated camphorquinone, coumarin derivatives, naphthalimide derivatives, and hydoxyalkylphenones …”

Sole‐Component Visible Macrophotoinitiators with Si‐H: Decreased Oxygen Inhibition and Modified Cured Polymer Materials

“…Thioxanthones (TX) are the important visible light photoinitiator candidates, we have reported a series of one-component amino-thioxanthone (ATX) visible light photoinitiator. [27,[31][32][33][34] As a part of our continuing interest in the design and development of amino-thioxanthone based visible photoinitiating systems for FRP, thioxanthonepolymethylhydrosiloxanes (TX-PMHSs) were synthesized by hydrosilylation (Scheme 1). The novel TX-PMHSs were solecomponent macromolecular visible photoinitiators.…”

High‐Performance and Low Migration One‐Component Thioxanthone Visible Light Photoinitiators

“…As an important Type II photoinitiator, thioxanthone (TX) was used in the construction of polymerizable photoinitiator systems, but most of them were UV‐sensitive photoinitiators. Our research aims to construct the thioxanthone based visible light photoinitiating systems for radical polymerization . For aforementioned purpose, a polymerizable one‐component visible light photoinitiator 4‐((methyl(9‐oxo‐9H‐thioxanthen‐2‐yl)amino)methyl)phenyl acrylate (TX‐PA) (Figure ) has been studied .…”

“…Our research aims to construct the thioxanthone based visible light photoinitiating systems for radical polymerization. [10][11][12] For aforementioned purpose, a polymerizable one-component visible light photoinitiator 4-((methyl(9-oxo-9H-thioxanthen-2-yl)amino)methyl)phenyl acrylate (TX-PA) ( Figure 1) has been studied. [11] The synergistic effect between amino thioxanthone and acryloxy group in TX-PA made it exhibit high photopolymerization performance and good migration stability.…”