Third-harmonic generation in a pulsed supersonic jet of xenon

Kung, A. H.

doi:10.1364/ol.8.000024

Cited by 103 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Kung and coworkers have further demonstrated that mixing of gases can enhance the THG-conversion efficiency even more (Kung 1983). Mixing allows for the optimization of the nonlinear susceptibility with one gas (xenon), and the loss in the phase matching is compensated by adding argon gas, which has different dispersion properties at the wavelengths chosen.…”

Section: Phase Matching In the Tight-focus Limitmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mixing allows for the optimization of the nonlinear susceptibility with one gas (xenon), and the loss in the phase matching is compensated by adding argon gas, which has different dispersion properties at the wavelengths chosen. The optimized mixing ratio depends on the choice of the b parameter and the cell length L. By this means, a conversion efficiency of 2.8% was experimentally demonstrated (Kung 1983 Figure 3 Optimization of phase matching in xenon gas by varying the gas pressure. Conditions b/L = 0.025 and f/L = 0.5, the focus positioned at the center of the cell.…”

Section: Phase Matching In the Tight-focus Limitmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The use of pulsed valves for the production of harmonics was a breakthrough in particular to reach the windowless regime of the XUV (Kung 1983). The requirement of handling radiation in the XUV by definition prohibits the use of window materials, and hence of cells that should be sealed off by some optical material.…”

Section: Phase Matching In the Plane-wave Limit: Gas Jetsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Differential pumping of the chambers along the direction of propagation of the generated XUV beam further maintains vacuum conditions in a typical setup for XUV spectroscopy. The concept of harmonic generation in a gas jet was first demonstrated by Kung, and the figure is reproduced from Kung (1983); in this case, an LiF window is used at the exit of the chamber, but later a windowless connection to a differentially pumped chamber became regularly used in the XUV domain. …”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…From a practical perspective, coherent beams of XUV radiation are elegantly produced by focusing intense laser beams in pulsed jets, following the method invented by Kung (1983). In most applications, nanosecond-pulsed lasers (with pulse durations of ≈ 5 ns) are used, due to the abundant availability of Q-switched Nd:YAG lasers and because time durations of 5 ns provide a good compromise (Fourier argument) between achieving high intensities and narrow bandwidths.…”

Section: Third-harmonic Generation In Pulsed Jetsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Precision Laser Spectroscopy in the Extreme Ultraviolet

Eikema

Ubachs

2011

Handbook of High‐resolution Spectroscopy

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Techniques for the production of short wavelengths in the extreme ultraviolet wavelength range are described, spanning low‐order harmonic generation in the perturbative regime for narrow bandwidth XUV production to the plateau‐regime with the three‐step collisional model for the generation of high harmonics with broadband ultrafast pulses. In addition, the intermediate regime is discussed for pulses of 300 ps duration, as well as the regime of harmonic conversion based on continuous wave lasers aiming at the production of coherent Lyman‐α radiation. Applications of XUV sources in the frequency domain typically rely on the production of XUV‐light from narrowband Fourier‐transform‐limited pulses for recording high‐resolution spectra. Alternatively, harmonically upconverted pulses of ultrashort duration (with inter‐pulse coherence) can be used for spectroscopic studies in the time and frequency domain (such as direct frequency comb spectroscopy techniques). Examples of both approaches for atomic and molecular spectroscopy are discussed at some length. For precision metrology on atomic systems, a focus is put on the Lamb shift determination in the He ground state. In the realm of molecular spectroscopy, predissociation phenomena in the nitrogen molecule are highlighted, with relevance for dissociation processes occurring in the upper layers of the Earth atmosphere. Similar predissociation phenomena in carbon monoxide are also treated in some detail, in this case with relevance for the chemistry in interstellar clouds. Precision XUV spectroscopy of molecular hydrogen is discussed as well, as it relates to the possibility of detecting a variation of the proton–electron mass ratio on a cosmological time scale. In the last section, applications of direct frequency comb spectroscopic techniques at short wavelengths are explained and prospects are given for using these techniques at extreme ultraviolet wavelengths.

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Section: Phase Matching In the Tight-focus Limitmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Phase Matching In the Tight-focus Limitmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Phase Matching In the Plane-wave Limit: Gas Jetsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Third-harmonic Generation In Pulsed Jetsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Precision Laser Spectroscopy in the Extreme Ultraviolet

Eikema

Ubachs

2011

Handbook of High‐resolution Spectroscopy

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Coherent Vacuum Ultraviolet in Chemical Physics

Hepburn

1984

Israel Journal of Chemistry

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Abstract. Methods of generating coherent vacuum ultraviolet radiation by frequency mixing techniques are reviewed. The theory and methodology of four-wave mixing in gas mixtures is discussed and some representative methods for generating coherent light in the range from 900 Ato 2000 A are described. In the last section some recent applications of these VUV sources to chemical physics will be outlined.

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Mass-selected IR-VUV (118 nm) spectroscopic studies of radicals, aliphatic molecules, and their clusters

Guan

Bernstein

2013

Mass Spec Rev

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Mass-selected IR plus UV/VUV spectroscopy and mass spectrometry have been coupled into a powerful technique to investigate chemical, physical, structural, and electronic properties of radicals, molecules, and clusters. Advantages of the use of vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) radiation to create ions for mass spectrometry are its application to nearly all compounds with ionization potentials below the energy of a single VUV photon, its circumventing the requirement of UV chromophore group, its inability to ionize background gases, and its greatly reduced fragmenting capabilities. In this review, mass-selected IR plus VUV (118 nm) spectroscopy is introduced first in a general manner. Selected application examples of this spectroscopy are presented, which include the detections and structural analysis of radicals, molecules, and molecular clusters in a supersonic jet.

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Third-harmonic generation in a pulsed supersonic jet of xenon

Cited by 103 publications

References 12 publications

Precision Laser Spectroscopy in the Extreme Ultraviolet

Precision Laser Spectroscopy in the Extreme Ultraviolet

Coherent Vacuum Ultraviolet in Chemical Physics

Mass-selected IR-VUV (118 nm) spectroscopic studies of radicals, aliphatic molecules, and their clusters

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