Thirteen-Week Oral Dose Toxicity Study of G. bimaculatus in Sprague-Dawley Rats

Ahn, Mi Young; Han, Jeom Hwa; Kim, Soon Ja; Hwang, Jae Sam; Yun, Eun Young

doi:10.5487/tr.2011.27.4.231

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…Specifically, the cricket G. bimaculatus has traditionally been consumed in different parts of the world including northeast Thailand, which recorded 20,000 insect farmers in 2011 40 . Studies have reported no evidence for toxicological effects related to oral consumption of G. bimaculatus by humans 41 , 42 , neither were genotoxic effects detected using three different mutagenicity tests 43 . A rare but known health risk associated with cricket consumption, however, is sensitivity and allergy to crickets 44 , 45 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Insights into the genomic evolution of insects from cricket genomes

et al. 2021

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Most of our knowledge of insect genomes comes from Holometabolous species, which undergo complete metamorphosis and have genomes typically under 2 Gb with little signs of DNA methylation. In contrast, Hemimetabolous insects undergo the presumed ancestral process of incomplete metamorphosis, and have larger genomes with high levels of DNA methylation. Hemimetabolous species from the Orthopteran order (grasshoppers and crickets) have some of the largest known insect genomes. What drives the evolution of these unusual insect genome sizes, remains unknown. Here we report the sequencing, assembly and annotation of the 1.66-Gb genome of the Mediterranean field cricket Gryllus bimaculatus, and the annotation of the 1.60-Gb genome of the Hawaiian cricket Laupala kohalensis. We compare these two cricket genomes with those of 14 additional insects and find evidence that hemimetabolous genomes expanded due to transposable element activity. Based on the ratio of observed to expected CpG sites, we find higher conservation and stronger purifying selection of methylated genes than non-methylated genes. Finally, our analysis suggests an expansion of the pickpocket class V gene family in crickets, which we speculate might play a role in the evolution of cricket courtship, including their characteristic chirping.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Insights into the genomic evolution of insects from cricket genomes

et al. 2021

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“…bimaculatus has traditionally been consumed in different parts of the world including northeast Thailand, which recorded 20,000 insect farmers in 2011 40 . Studies have reported no evidence for toxicological effects related to oral consumption of G. bimaculatus by humans 41,42 , neither were genotoxic effects detected using three different mutagenicity tests 43 . A rare but known health risk associated with cricket consumption, however, is sensitivity and allergy to crickets 44,45 .…”

Section: The Importance Of Cricket Genomesmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…including rearing for consumption, issues relevant to its biochemical composition (Ghosh et al, 2017), human health and safety (Ahn et al, 2011;Ryu et al, 2016), putative health benefits (Ahn et al, 2014;Dong-Hwan et al, 2004;Hwang et al, 2019;Park et al, 2019), and processing techniques (Dobermann, Field, & Michaelson, 2019) have been extensively described. Thus, the genome of G. bimaculatus herein described, adds to this body of biological knowledge by providing invaluable information that will be required to maximize the potential of this cricket to become an increasingly significant part of the worldwide diet in the future.…”

Section: The Importance Of Cricket Genomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In northeast Thailand, which recorded 20,000 insect farmers in 2011 (Hanboonsong, Jamjanya, & Durst, 2013), it is one of the most marketed and consumed insect species. Studies have reported no evidence for toxicological effects related to oral consumption of G. bimaculatus by humans (Ahn, Han, Kim, Hwang, & Yun, 2011;Ryu et al, 2016), neither were genotoxic effects detected using three different mutagenicity tests (Mi et al, 2005). A rare but known health risk associated with cricket consumption, however, is sensitivity and allergy to crickets (Pener, 2016;Ribeiro, Cunha, Sousa-Pinto, & Fonseca, 2018), especially in people allergic to seafood, shown by crossallergies between G. bimaculatus and Macrobrachium prawns (Srinroch, Srisomsap, Chokchaichamnankit, Punyarit, & Phiriyangkul, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Insights into the genomic evolution of insects from cricket genomes

Ylla

Nakamura

Itoh

et al. 2020

Preprint

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AbstractCrickets are currently in focus as a possible source of animal protein for human consumption as an alternative to protein from vertebrate livestock. This practice could ease some of the challenges both of a worldwide growing population and of environmental issues. The two-spotted Mediterranean field cricket Gryllus bimaculatus has traditionally been consumed by humans in different parts of the world. Not only is this considered generally safe for human consumption, several studies also suggest that introducing crickets into one’s diet may confer multiple health benefits. Moreover, G. bimaculatus has been widely used as a laboratory research model for decades in multiple scientific fields including evolution, developmental biology, neurobiology, and regeneration. Here we report the sequencing, assembly and annotation of the G. bimaculatus genome, and the annotation of the genome of the Hawaiian cricket Laupala kohalensis. The comparison of these two cricket genomes with those of 14 additional insects supports the hypothesis that a relatively small ancestral insect genome expanded to large sizes in many hemimetabolous lineages due to transposable element activity. Based on the ratio of observed versus expected CpG sites (CpGo/e), we find higher conservation and stronger purifying selection of typically methylated genes than of non-methylated genes. Finally, our gene family expansion analysis reveals an expansion of the pickpocket class V gene family in the lineage leading to crickets, which we speculate might play a relevant role in cricket courtship behavior, including their characteristic chirping.

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“…Grasshoppers that are roasted can also be a food source, but these are not typically consumed in Korea. The observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) of Gb is reportedly higher than 5 g/kg body weight/day, as shown in a 13-week oral dose toxicity study in Sprague-Dawley rats (4) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Anti-aging Effect and Gene Expression Profiling of Aged Rats Treated with G. bimaculatus Extract

Ahn

Hwang

Yun

et al. 2015

Toxicological Research

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Extract from Gryllus bimaculatus crickets inhibits oxidation at the DNA level, with reduced production of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG). Microarray analyses were performed with a rat 28K cDNA clone set array to identify the gene expression profiles of aged (10 months old) Wistar Kyoto rats treated for one month with 100 mg/kg G. bimaculatus ethanol extract to assess the effects. The extract produced a meaningful anti-edema effect, evident by the inhibition of creatinine phosphokinase activity. The weights of abdominal and ovarian adipose tissues were reduced and the proportion of unsaturated fatty acids in adipose tissues was increased in an extract dose-dependent manner. Compared with untreated control rats, rats treated with the extract displayed the upregulation of 1053 genes including Fas (tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 6), Amigo3 (adhesion molecule with an immunoglobulin-like domain), Reticulon 4, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme (Hmgcr; a reductase), related anti-fatigue (enzyme metabolism), and Rtn antioxidant, and the downregulation of 73 genes including Ugt2b (UDP glycosyltransferase 2 family), Early growth response 1, and Glycoprotein m6a. Data suggest that G. bimaculatus extract may have value in lessening the effects of aging, resulting in a differential gene expression pattern indicative of a marked stress response and lower expression of metabolic and biosynthetic genes.

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Thirteen-Week Oral Dose Toxicity Study of G. bimaculatus in Sprague-Dawley Rats

Cited by 6 publications

References 1 publication

Insights into the genomic evolution of insects from cricket genomes

Insights into the genomic evolution of insects from cricket genomes

Insights into the genomic evolution of insects from cricket genomes

Anti-aging Effect and Gene Expression Profiling of Aged Rats Treated with G. bimaculatus Extract

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