Thirty years of translational research in Mobility Medicine: Collection of abstracts of the 2020 Padua Muscle Days

Carraro, Ugo

doi:10.4081/ejtm.2019.8826

Cited by 21 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 232 publications

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“…65 Worth noting, power training seems to not only elicit a positive effect on muscle mass 37 but may more directly improve muscle function. 69 There is also evidence of aerobic exercise, balance training and flexibility to have beneficial effects in sarcopenia 70,71 and recent findings demonstrate that endurance exercise induces the appearance of hybrid fiber alterations in seniors consistent with what previously observed Mosole et al 72 Sarcopenia is a condition with multiple factors involved 67,73 and aerobic exercise seems to be very efficient in eliciting a plethora of beneficial effects on the organism. 74 Indeed, a major advantage of endurance exercise are the metabolic and biochemical adaptations specifically linked to this type of exercise, for instance the stimulation of the muscle endocrine activity.…”

Section: The Dark Side Of the Moon: Sensory Nerves And Intrafusal Fib...supporting

confidence: 71%

Exercise-mediated reinnervation of skeletal muscle in elderly people: An update

et al. 2022

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Sarcopenia is defined by the loss of muscle mass and function. In aging sarcopenia is due to mild chronic inflammation but also to fiber-intrinsic defects, such as mitochondrial dysfunction. Age-related sarcopenia is associated with physical disability and lowered quality of life. In addition to skeletal muscle, the nervous tissue is also affected in elderly people. With aging, type 2 fast fibers preferentially undergo denervation and are reinnervated by slow-twitch motor neurons. They spread forming new neuro-muscular junctions with the denervated fibers: the result is an increased proportion of slow fibers that group together since they are associated in the same motor unit. Grouping and fiber type shifting are indeed major histological features of aging skeletal muscle. Exercise has been proposed as an intervention for age-related sarcopenia due to its numerous beneficial effects on muscle mechanical and biochemical features. In 2013, a precursor study in humans was published in the European Journal of Translation Myology (formerly known as Basic and Applied Myology), highlighting the occurrence of reinnervation in the musculature of aged, exercise-trained individuals as compared to the matching control. This paper, entitled «Reinnervation of Vastus lateralis is increased significantly in seniors (70-years old) with a lifelong history of high-level exercise», is now being reprinted for the second issue of the «Ejtm Seminal Paper Series». In this short review we discuss those results in the light of the most recent advances confirming the occurrence of exercise-mediated reinnervation, ultimately preserving muscle structure and function in elderly people who exercise.

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Section: The Dark Side Of the Moon: Sensory Nerves And Intrafusal Fib...supporting

confidence: 71%

Exercise-mediated reinnervation of skeletal muscle in elderly people: An update

et al. 2022

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“…Intriguingly, in the mouse, the capsule surrounding the muscle spindles undergoes thickening with ageing, probably modifying their transduction properties. 167 Some time ago, the hypothesis had been put forward that muscle weakness per se impairs the joint position sense and the control of stance, as deduced from the disproportionate increase in sway in the weaker subjects on closing the eyes (for an equal sway amplitude eyes-open). 168 Apparently, vision information compensated for an impaired sensibility of the muscle spindles receptors.…”

Section: Foot Sensitivity In the Elderlymentioning

confidence: 99%

Cutaneous and muscular afferents from the foot and sensory fusion processing: Physiology and pathology in neuropathies

Felicetti

Thoumie

et al. 2021

J Peripheral Nervous Sys

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The foot-sole cutaneous receptors (section 2), their function in stance control (sway minimisation, exploratory role) (2.1), and the modulation of their effects by gait pattern and intended behaviour (2.2) are reviewed. Experimental manipulations (anaesthesia, temperature) (2.3 and 2.4) have shown that information from foot sole has widespread influence on balance. Foot-sole stimulation (2.5) appears to be a promising approach for rehabilitation. Proprioceptive information (3) has a pre-eminent role in balance and gait. Reflex responses to balance perturbations are produced by both leg and foot muscle stretch (3.1) and show complex interactions with skin input at both spinal and supra-spinal levels (3.2), where sensory feedback is modulated by posture, locomotion and vision. Other muscles, notably of neck and trunk, contribute to kinaesthesia and sense of orientation in space (3.3). The effects of age-related decline of afferent input are variable under different foot-contact and visual conditions (3.4). Muscle force diminishes with age and sarcopenia, affecting intrinsic foot muscles relaying relevant feedback (3.5). In neuropathy (4), reduction in cutaneous sensation accompanies the diminished density of viable receptors (4.1). Loss of footsole input goes along with large-fibre dysfunction in intrinsic foot muscles. Diabetic patients have an elevated risk of falling, and vision and vestibular compensation strategies may be inadequate (4.2). From Charcot-Marie-Tooth 1A disease (4.3) we have become aware of the role of spindle group II fibres and of the anatomical feet conditions in balance control. Lastly (5) we touch on the effects of nerve stimulation onto cortical and spinal excitability, which may participate in plasticity processes, and on exercise interventions to reduce the impact of neuropathy.

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“…Common symptoms include muscle-specific patterns of atrophy and weakness, occasionally associated with the involvement of additional organs, the most common complication being cardiac and/or respiratory failure. These diseases can be caused by many factors, notably autoimmunity; inflammation; poisoning; toxin accumulation; tumours; environmental agents; neurologic, metabolic or traumatic syndromes [ 1 , 2 , 3 ]; aging [ 1 , 4 ]; and genetic inheritance or spontaneous mutations in muscle or nerve-essential genes. The large majority of mutations are monogenic, with every nature of mutation and transmission mode possible.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Of rAAV and Men: From Genetic Neuromuscular Disorder Efficacy and Toxicity Preclinical Studies to Clinical Trials and Back

Buscara

Gross

Danièle

2020

JPM

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Neuromuscular disorders are a large group of rare pathologies characterised by skeletal muscle atrophy and weakness, with the common involvement of respiratory and/or cardiac muscles. These diseases lead to life-long motor deficiencies and specific organ failures, and are, in their worst-case scenarios, life threatening. Amongst other causes, they can be genetically inherited through mutations in more than 500 different genes. In the last 20 years, specific pharmacological treatments have been approved for human usage. However, these “à-la-carte” therapies cover only a very small portion of the clinical needs and are often partially efficient in alleviating the symptoms of the disease, even less so in curing it. Recombinant adeno-associated virus vector-mediated gene transfer is a more general strategy that could be adapted for a large majority of these diseases and has proved very efficient in rescuing the symptoms in many neuropathological animal models. On this solid ground, several clinical trials are currently being conducted with the whole-body delivery of the therapeutic vectors. This review recapitulates the state-of-the-art tools for neuron and muscle-targeted gene therapy, and summarises the main findings of the spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) and X-linked myotubular myopathy (XLMTM) trials. Despite promising efficacy results, serious adverse events of various severities were observed in these trials. Possible leads for second-generation products are also discussed.

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Thirty years of translational research in Mobility Medicine: Collection of abstracts of the 2020 Padua Muscle Days

Cited by 21 publications

References 232 publications

Exercise-mediated reinnervation of skeletal muscle in elderly people: An update

Exercise-mediated reinnervation of skeletal muscle in elderly people: An update

Cutaneous and muscular afferents from the foot and sensory fusion processing: Physiology and pathology in neuropathies

Of rAAV and Men: From Genetic Neuromuscular Disorder Efficacy and Toxicity Preclinical Studies to Clinical Trials and Back

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