Thoracic cord herniation through a dural defect: description of a case and review of the literature

Spinal cord herniation: Management and outcome in a series of 12 consecutives patients and review of the literature

“…The rest do not match any of these categories. Sphincter control impairment has been reported as an associated symptom in a minority of cases [2,11,18,23]. These findings are consistent with ours, except for one patient presenting with cerebellar ataxia due to hemosiderosis secondary to continuous bleeding from the herniation site [10].…”

Superficial siderosis due to dural defect with thoracic spinal cord herniation

“…Ventral abnormal fluid-filled collection in the spinal canal may also be present in cases of spinal cord herniation [9]. Progressive myelopathy is the usual presentation [10,11], while in our patient this was excluded clinically and neurophysiologically. Ataxia is a common presentation of SS and, therefore, spinal cord herniation in this case was asymptomatic.…”

“…Therefore, the most common sites are on the anterior surface of the dura between T2 and T8, where the spinal cord is normally in contact with the dura due to the curvature of the spine [10,11]. Herniation tends to increase due to the CSF pulsation, and the subjacent bone may be eroded, as in this case.…”

Idiopathic Thoracic Spinal Cord Herniation: Retrospective Analysis Supporting a Mechanism of Diskogenic Dural Injury and Subsequent Tamponade: Fig 1.

“…While spinal trauma or surgery may produce such defects, idiopathic herniation occurs in the absence of this history. Since the initial report by Wortzman et al, 1 numerous mechanisms explaining its pathogenesis have been proposed, including minor or unrecognized trauma, 2,3 congenital meningeal malformations, [4][5][6][7][8] CSF flow pulsations, 9,10 and dural erosion by calcified disk remnants. [11][12][13][14][15] While Ͼ100 cases have been reported, no consensus exists as to the most likely mechanism.…”