Thoracic Response to Dynamic, Non-Impact Loading from a Hub, Distributed Belt, Diagonal Belt, and Double Diagonal Belts

Kent, Richard W.; Lessley, David; Sherwood, Christopher P.

doi:10.4271/2004-22-0022

Cited by 40 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…2. The impactor tests were reported by Nahum et al (1970), Kroell et al (1974) and Bouquet et al (1994); table top tests by Kent et al (2004) and sled tests by Shaw et al (2009). In all impactor tests, the PMHSs were impacted at the middle of the thorax at the height of the 4th intercostal space with a cylindrical pendulum of 152 mm in diameter.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Construction and evaluation of thoracic injury risk curves for a finite element human body model in frontal car crashes

Mendoza-Vazquez

Davidsson

Brolin

2015

Accident Analysis & Prevention

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Construction and evaluation of thoracic injury risk curves for a finite element human body model in frontal car crashes

Mendoza-Vazquez

Davidsson

Brolin

2015

Accident Analysis & Prevention

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“…The experimental studies on chest frontal impact have been widely conducted to determine the force -deflection behaviour of the human chest and investigate the injury responses of the rib cage (Kroell et al 1971(Kroell et al , 1974Neathery 1974;Viano 1978;Kent et al 2003;Kent et al 2004;Kimpara et al 2005). It has been suggested in the literature (Kimpara et al 2005) that the blunt impact test is a better experimental method than the PMHS full-scale sled test when determining the chest stiffness.…”

Section: The Configuration Of the Experiments On Thorax Frontal Impactmentioning

confidence: 97%

Numerical investigations of rib fracture failure models in different dynamic loading conditions

Fang

Yang

Miller

et al. 2015

Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering

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Rib fracture is one of the most common thoracic injuries in vehicle traffic accidents that can result in fatalities associated with seriously injured internal organs. A failure model is critical when modelling rib fracture to predict such injuries. Different rib failure models have been proposed in prediction of thorax injuries. However, the biofidelity of the fracture failure models when varying the loading conditions and the effects of a rib fracture failure model on prediction of thoracic injuries have been studied only to a limited extent. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of three rib failure models on prediction of thoracic injuries using a previously validated finite element model of the human thorax. The performance and biofidelity of each rib failure model were first evaluated by modelling rib responses to different loading conditions in two experimental configurations: (1) the three-point bending on the specimen taken from rib and (2) the anterior-posterior dynamic loading to an entire bony part of the rib. Furthermore, the simulation of the rib failure behaviour in the frontal impact to an entire thorax was conducted at varying velocities and the effects of the failure models were analysed with respect to the severity of rib cage damages. Simulation results demonstrated that the responses of the thorax model are similar to the general trends of the rib fracture responses reported in the experimental literature. However, they also indicated that the accuracy of the rib fracture prediction using a given failure model varies for different loading conditions.

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“…These systems, like seat belts and airbags, engage the sternum, the clavicle and the ribs. Kent et al [14] showed that the thoracic force-compression response depends on the anatomical structures that are engaged by the loading device. Furthermore, while assessed using Hybrid III and THOR-NT, Cmax was not sensitive to modern restraint systems [29].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…during a frontal impact, in order to reliably predict injury. Several studies that characterise the force-compression response of the chest have been conducted, ranging from impactor tests [21] to table-top tests using different loading devices [14]. Other studies have investigated the deformation patterns of ribs in eviscerated rib cages exposed to localised loads [19,42].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human rib response to different restraint systems in frontal impacts: a study using a human body model

Mendoza-Vazquez

Brolin

Davidsson

et al. 2013

International Journal of Crashworthiness

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Finite-element human body models (FE-HBMs) can be used to evaluate restraint systems by predicting thoracic injury. The biofidelity assessment of an FE-HBM Total HUman Model for Safety (THUMS) 50th percentile male occupant and the characterisation of its rib response to loads from frontal car crashes are the objectives of this study. The rib-cage mesh of THUMS version 3.0 was refined to improve the shoulder-belt interaction, material properties of lungs and skin modified, and the model biofidelity assessed against tests representative of frontal crashes. The modified THUMS response improved with respect to the baseline model. The modified THUMS was used to analyse the rib loading in frontal impacts. The rib response included shear, torsion and bending in belt and airbag-like load cases. This indicates that a criterion based only on rib anteroposterior compression may not be enough to predict fractures and that a criterion should consider compression, torsion and shear.

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Thoracic Response to Dynamic, Non-Impact Loading from a Hub, Distributed Belt, Diagonal Belt, and Double Diagonal Belts

Cited by 40 publications

References 49 publications

Construction and evaluation of thoracic injury risk curves for a finite element human body model in frontal car crashes

Construction and evaluation of thoracic injury risk curves for a finite element human body model in frontal car crashes

Numerical investigations of rib fracture failure models in different dynamic loading conditions

Human rib response to different restraint systems in frontal impacts: a study using a human body model

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