Thoracic Transforaminal Epidural Steroid Injection

Petrolla, Justin J.; Bednarek, Christopher; Furman, Michael B.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-40153-1.00039-1

Cited by 1 publication

(1 citation statement)

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“…8,[12][13][14] Accordingly, some practitioners have advocated transforaminal injection via the inferior (Kambin's) triangle to avoid intra-arterial injection or trauma to the radiculomedullary arteries. 20 Very few studies have compared the 2 TFESI approaches directly. A trial of 75 patients comparing the superior and inferior triangle approaches for lumbar TFESI found no significant differences in terms of contrast spread to the anterior epidural space, rate of intravascular needle puncture under intermittent fluoroscopy, needle paresthesia, pain relief, or functional improvement at up to 2-month follow-up.…”

Section: Pro: the Traditional Superior (Safe) Triangle Is The Preferr...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Pro-Con Debate: Superior Versus Inferior Triangle Needle Placement in Transforaminal Epidural Injections

Doshi,

Engle,

Przybysz

et al. 2023

Anesthesia &Amp; Analgesia

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Although transforaminal epidural injections have long been used for radicular pain, there is no universal standard injection approach to the neural foramen. The intervertebral foramen and its surrounding structures comprise an anatomically sensitive area that includes bone and joint structures, the intervertebral disk, blood vessels (in particular, the radicular arteries), the epidural sheath, and the spinal nerve root. Given the relatively high risk of inadvertent injury or injection to these nearby structures, image guidance for transforaminal epidural steroid injections (TFESIs) is standard of care. However, there is a lack of consensus regarding the optimal approach to the neural foramen: from the traditional superior (“safe”) triangle or from the inferior (Kambin’s) triangle. In this Pro-Con commentary article, we discuss the relative advantages and disadvantages of each approach for TFESIs.

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