Thoracic trauma in foals:post mortemfindings

Abstract

Summary Reasons for performing study: Thoracic trauma occurs in newborn foals and may cause associated clinical signs; this condition remains poorly documented. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to describe the pathological features of thoracic trauma in newborn foals presented for necropsy examination between 1990 and 2000. Methods: Necropsy reports of foals with thoracic trauma from 1990–2000 were reviewed. Subject details, clinical signs, thoracic and abdominal lesions were noted and analysed statistically. Results: Sixty‐seven (9%) of 760 necropsied foals had thoracic trauma. In 19 foals, fractured ribs were considered to be the cause of death (Group A). The remaining foals had fractured ribs (Group B, n = 20) or rib contusions (Group C, n = 28) that were incidental findings. Ribs 3 to 8 accounted for 86% of the traumatised bones. The most common site of injury was the costochondral junction and an area immediately above it (94%). In Group A, all but 2 foals died within the first 8 days post partum. Haemothorax and subsequent pulmonary collapse was cited most commonly as the cause of death (53%). Diaphragmatic rupture and hernia (n = 2) also occurred. Conclusions: The focal site, consistent location and presence of lesions during the first week post partum, all suggest that thoracic trauma in newborn foals probably occurs during parturition. Potential relevance: The description of lesions and site of occurrence of thoracic trauma in foals will increase awareness and improve the diagnosis and treatment of this life threatening condition.

Myocardial contusion and rib fracture repair in an adult horse

“…2 Reported sequelae of blunt thoracic trauma in horses and people include pneumothorax, pneumomediastinum, fractures and fistulae of sternum or ribs, hemothorax, pleuritis, pulmonary contusion, or diaphragmatic hernia. 1,3,4 While rib fracture management varies by case, internal fixation is recommended for unstable fractures that present risk of cardiac, pulmonary, or vessel laceration. 5 Myocardial damage occurs in 20% of people sustaining blunt thoracic trauma 6 and is a risk factor for the cTnI cardiac troponin I ECG electrocardiogram LVIDd left ventricular internal diameter at end diastole RWT relative wall thickness development of life-threatening arrhythmias.…”

Trauma de la pared torácica y manejo del neumotórax en equinos: reporte de un caso clínico atendido bajo condiciones de campo.

“…Patadas), fracturas costales y laceraciones causadas por cornadas. Fractura de costillas son más comunes en potrillos (Knottenbelt et al 2004;Hassel 2007;Trigo et al 2011) que en adultos, ocurren durante el parto o por trauma directo, pues los neonatos pasan mucho tiempo acostados (Laverty et al 1999;Bellezzo et al 2004;Schambourg et al 2004) y pueden ser pisoteados por la madre. El manejo del trauma torácico requiere, como prioridades: 1) asegurar una vía aérea, 2) tratar el shock, 3) instaurar profilaxis contra tétano y 4) hacer control de infección por contaminantes ingresados a la pleura (Hassel 2007).…”

“…Se recomienda suplementar oxígeno con un flujo inicial de 15 L por minuto (Sprayberry & Barrett 2015). Al combinar varias técnicas, reportadas por la literatura (Stone et al 1994;Laverty et al 1996;Laverty et al 1999;Boy et al 2000;Bellezzo et al 2004;Schambourg et al 2004;Hendrickson 2006;Lugo 2006;Hassel 2007;Sprayberry & Barrett 2015), el procedimiento para la estabilización del paciente se puede efectuar bajo anestesia, local con el animal de pie. Luego de cerrada la herida, la cavidad pleural se despresuriza haciendo una punción con un instrumento tubular hueco ("cánula") que atraviesa la pared torácica y se acopla a una llave de triple paso, a través de la cual el aire intrapleural se extrae usando jeringa o aparato de succión (Sprayberry & Barrett 2015); siendo, además, el "sello de agua" una opción utilizada por décadas en la medicina mundial.…”

Sudden death caused by diaphragmatic rupture following rib fracture in a female sika deer (Cervus nippon) at a zoo

“…In humans, herniation into the thoracic cavity is often observed, and the delayed presentation of symptoms can lead to complications and increased mortality [4,14]. Several reports have documented diaphragmatic rupture in animals such as koalas [5] and a cat [13], caused by road traffic accidents, as well as in foals [12] and horses [11] with or without history of injury. A recent study also documented the laparoscopic correction of experimentally induced diaphragmatic rupture in dogs [15].…”

“…Motor vehicle accidents are the most frequent causes of diaphragmatic injuries [1,14]. In animals, most cases of diaphragmatic injuries are identified during necropsies for thoracic trauma [5,11,12]. This may be attributed to the natural behavior of wild animals that are reared as a colony that would show hardly any clinical symptoms before death [7].…”