Thoracolumbar movement in sound horses trotting in straight lines in hand and on the lunge and the relationship with hind limb symmetry or asymmetry

Greve, Line; Pfau, Thilo; Dyson, Sue

doi:10.1016/j.tvjl.2017.01.003

Cited by 36 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…The higher variation of the head swivel angle on the circle (compared to the soft straight line) is likely due to more freedom of cervical motion on the lunge. In general, the horses also showed increased back ROM on the circle compared to the straight (Table 1), which is in line with previous findings [12]. This stresses the importance of assessing spinal kinematics on the circle in addition to straight line, but differences in spinal biomechanics between circle and straight line warrant further investigation.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

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Range of motion and between-measurement variation of spinal kinematics in sound horses at trot on the straight line and on the lunge

et al. 2020

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Clinical assessment of spinal motion in horses is part of many routine clinical exams but remains highly subjective. A prerequisite for the quantification of spinal motion is the assessment of the expected normal range of motion and variability of back kinematics. The aim of this study was to objectively quantify spinal kinematics and between-measurement,-surface and-day variation in owner-sound horses. In an observational study, twelve ownersound horses were trotted 12 times on four different paths (hard/soft straight line, soft lunge left and right). Measurements were divided over three days, with five repetitions on day one and two, and two repetitions on day three (recheck) which occurred 28-55 days later. Optical motion capture was used to collect kinematic data. Elements of the outcome were: 1) Ranges of Motion (ROM) with confidence intervals per path and surface, 2) a variability model to calculate between-measurement variation and test the effect of time, surface and path, 3) intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) to determine repeatability. ROM was lowest on the hard straight line. Cervical lateral bending was doubled on the left compared to the right lunge. Mean variation for the flexion-extension and lateral bending of the whole back were 0.8 and 1 degrees. Pelvic motion showed a variation of 1.0 (pitch), 0.7 (yaw) and 1.3 (roll) degrees. For these five parameters, a tendency for more variation on the hard surface and reduced variation with increased repetitions was observed. More variation was seen on the recheck (p<0.001). ICC values for pelvic rotations were between 0.76 and 0.93, for the whole back flexion-extension and lateral bending between 0.51 and 0.91. Between-horse variation was substantially higher than within-horse variation. In conclusion, ROM and variation in spinal biomechanics are horse-specific and small, necessitating individual analysis and making subjective and objective clinical assessment of spinal kinematics challenging.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…The same is true for axial rotation (around the longitudinal axis). Not much is known until now about the changes in back motion on the lunge, other than a higher ROM compared to the straight line [12]. The clinical diagnosis of back pain/dysfunction in horses is quite challenging.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Range of motion and between-measurement variation of spinal kinematics in sound horses at trot on the straight line and on the lunge

et al. 2020

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“…The higher variation of head swivel on the circle (compared to the soft straight line) is likely due to more freedom of cervical motion on the lunge. In general, the horses also showed increased back ROM on the circle compared to the straight (Table 1), this is in line with previous findings(31).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Range of motion and between-measurement variation of spinal kinematics in sound horses at trot on the straight line and on the lunge

Hardeman

Byström

Roepstorff

et al. 2019

Preprint

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18 Clinical assessment of spinal motion in horses is part of many routine clinical exams but 19 remains highly subjective. A prerequisite for the quantification is the assessment of the 20 expected normal range of motion and variability of back kinematics. The aim of this study was 21 to objectively quantify spinal kinematics and between -measurement, -surface and -day 22 38 biomechanics are horse-specific and small, necessitating individual analysis and making 39 subjective clinical assessment of spinal kinematics challenging. 40 41

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“…There is less movement in flexion/extension in the thoracolumbar back on a straight line compared to lunging [34]. Also a greater flexion-extension and lumbosacral flexion is seen on the lunge when using other training aids [6].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

The Effect of Kinesiotape on Flexion-Extension of the Thoracolumbar Back in Horses at Trot

Ericson¹,

Stenfeldt²,

Hardeman

et al. 2020

Animals

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Kinesiotape theoretically stimulates mechanoreceptive and proprioceptive sensory pathways that in turn may modulate the neuromuscular activity and locomotor function, so alteration of activation, locomotion and/or range of motion (ROM) can be achieved. The aim of this study was to determine whether kinesiotape applied to the abdominal muscles would affect the ROM in flexion-extension (sagittal plane) in the thoracolumbar back of horses at trot. The study design was a paired experimental study, with convenient sample. Each horse was randomly placed in the control or the intervention group and then the order reversed. Eight horses trotted at their own preferred speed in hand on a straight line, 2 × 30 m. Optical motion capture was used to collect kinematic data. Paired t-tests, normality tests and 1-Sample Wilcoxon test were used to assess the effects of the kinesiotape. No statistical significance (p < 0.05) for changes in flexion-extension of the thoracolumbar back in trot was shown in this group of horses. Some changes were shown indicating individual movement strategies in response to stimuli from the kinesiotape. More research in this popular and clinically used method is needed to fully understand the reacting mechanisms in horses.

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Thoracolumbar movement in sound horses trotting in straight lines in hand and on the lunge and the relationship with hind limb symmetry or asymmetry

Cited by 36 publications

References 54 publications

Range of motion and between-measurement variation of spinal kinematics in sound horses at trot on the straight line and on the lunge

Range of motion and between-measurement variation of spinal kinematics in sound horses at trot on the straight line and on the lunge

Range of motion and between-measurement variation of spinal kinematics in sound horses at trot on the straight line and on the lunge

The Effect of Kinesiotape on Flexion-Extension of the Thoracolumbar Back in Horses at Trot

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