Thorax and pelvis kinematics during the downswing of male and female skilled golfers

Horan, Sean; Evans, Kerrie; Morris, Norman; Kavanagh, Justin J.

doi:10.1016/j.jbiomech.2010.02.005

Cited by 74 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…For example, clubhead velocity has been measured using 2D (e.g., Bradshaw, et al, 2009) or 3D kinematic analysis systems (e.g., Egret, Vincent, Weber, Dujardin, & Chollet, 2003;Horan, Evans, Morris, & Kavanagh, 2010), and ball velocity has been measured using ball launch systems (e.g., Bertram & Guadagnoli, 2008;Wallace, Otto, & Nevill, 2007). From a technical perspective, 3D high-speed kinematic analyses are recommended for golf research studies, although the best method to accurately measure 3D trunk motion is still debated (Cole & Grimshaw, 2009;Wheat, Vernon, & Milner, 2007).…”

Section: How To Measure Golf Performance Via Biomechanics Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several studies have reported gender-related differences in golf swing characteristics (Egret, Nicolle, Dujardin, Weber, & Chollet, 2006;Horan, et al, 2010;Zheng, et al, 2008). Age-related differences in golf swing characteristics have also been reported (Wiseman, Chatterjee, Wiseman, & Chatterjee, 1994).…”

Section: Organismic Constraints -Golfer Characteristics (Age Gendermentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Many studies examined the nature of the coordination between the pelvis, upper torso and upper limb during the golf swing (Burden, et al, 1998;Horan, Evans, & Kavanagh, 2011a;Horan, et al, 2010;Myers, et al, 2008), with a particular emphasis on clubhead velocity and ball displacement. McHardy and Pollard (2005) reviewed studies that used electromyography to examine the amplitude and patterns of muscle activation during the golf swing (e.g.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Evidence for biomechanics and motor learning research improving golf performance

Keogh

Hume

2012

Sports Biomechanics

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This review sought to determine the evidence for how biomechanics and motor control/learning may improve golf performance. To be eligible, the biomechanics and motor learning studies had to use direct (ball displacement, shot accuracy) or indirect (clubhead velocity, clubface angle) golf performance outcome measures. Biomechanical studies suggested that reducing the radius path of the hands during the downswing, increasing wrist torque and/or range of motion, delaying wrist motion to late in the downswing, increasing downswing amplitude, improving sequential acceleration of body parts, improving weight transfer and utilising X-factor stretch and physical conditioning programmes can improve clubhead velocity. Motor learning studies suggested golf performance improved more when golfers focused on swing outcome or clubhead movement rather than specific body movements. A distributed practice approach involving multiple sessions per week of blocked, errorless practice may be best for improving putting accuracy of novice golfers, although variable practice may be better for skilled golfers. Video, verbal, or a combination of video and verbal feedback can increase mid-short iron distance in novice to mid-handicap (hcp) golfers. Coaches should continue to critique swing technique but also consider how the focus, structure and types of feedback for practice may alter learning for different groups of golfers.

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Section: How To Measure Golf Performance Via Biomechanics Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Organismic Constraints -Golfer Characteristics (Age Gendermentioning

confidence: 98%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evidence for biomechanics and motor learning research improving golf performance

Keogh

Hume

2012

Sports Biomechanics

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“…Fundamentally, there are anatomical differences between females and males. Females tend to have wider pelves and greater muscle flexibility, contributing to differences in squat mechanics (20,21). In addition, females are more likely to wear highheeled shoes, potentially playing a role in acclimatization to the WLS heel lift.…”

Section: Limitations and Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Footwear on Squat Movements

2017

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ABSTRACT:The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of different footwear (bare feet, flat-soled shoes, and weightlifting shoes) on balance during a barbell back squat in novice and advanced participants. It was hypothesized that i) weightlifting shoes would increase balance performance in the anterior-posterior (AP) and medial-lateral (ML) directions, and ii) advanced participants would demonstrate increased balance performance in the AP and ML direction compared to novice participants. 17 participants (9 novice and 8 advanced) performed 3 trials of a single squat repetition, using a 45lb Olympic standard barbell on a force plate, with bare feet, flat shoes, and weightlifting shoes. Squat 1 and 2 were used as warm-up repetitions and data was collected during squat 3 of each condition. Participants were characterized as either novice or advanced based on the number of training sessions they performed squats each week. Novice participants squatted with a barbell less than once per week, and advanced squatted with a barbell more than once per week. Balance performance was quantified by the percentage of time the centre of pressure (CoP) had the smallest displacement from the average CoP location. A chi-square test was performed to determine the statistically significant changes in CoP displacement between the 3 footwear conditions; accordingly, the post hoc significance interval was calculated to P0.0167). Using a 2-way ANOVA, no significant differences were found between novice and advanced participants' root mean square values for normalized CoP in the AP or ML directions (P>0.05). Participants during the weightlifting shoe condition were found to have better regulation of balance compared to bare feet or flat shoes conditions. Additionally, it was found that novice and advanced participants did not regulate balance differently from each other during the squat movement.

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“…A golf swing is performed with continuous and complex rotational movements of each joint of the body. Of the various swing phases, the downswing phase involves the majority of the mechanical properties, which is important for maximizing club head speed (Horan et al, 2010). The joint moments generated in a downswing have been analyzed previously in a number of studies (Gatt et al, 1998;Lynn and Noffal, 2010;Somjarod et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Three Normalization Methods for 3D Joint Moment in the Asymmetric Rotational Human Movements in Golf Swing Analysis

Lee

et al. 2015

Journal of Biosystems Engineering

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Purpose: From the perspective of biomechanics, joint moments quantitatively show a subject's ability to perform actions. In this study, the effect of normalization in the fast and asymmetric motions of a golf swing was investigated by applying three different normalization methods to the raw joint moment. Methods: The study included 13 subjects with no previous history of musculoskeletal diseases. Golf swing analyses were performed with six infrared cameras and two force plates. The majority of the raw peak joint moments showed a significant correlation at p < 0.05. Additionally, the resulting effects after applying body weight (BW), body weight multiplied by height (BWH), and body weight multiplied by leg length (BWL) normalization methods were analyzed through correlation and regression analysis. Results: The BW, BWH, and BWL normalization methods normalized 8, 10, and 11 peak joint moments out of 18, respectively. The best method for normalizing the golf swing was found to be the BWL method, which showed significant statistical differences. Several raw peak joint moments showed no significant correlation with measured anthropometrics, which was considered to be related to the muscle coordination that occurs in the swing of skilled professional golfers. Conclusions: The results of this study show that the BWL normalization method can effectively remove differences due to physical characteristics in the golf swing analysis.

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Thorax and pelvis kinematics during the downswing of male and female skilled golfers

Cited by 74 publications

References 27 publications

Evidence for biomechanics and motor learning research improving golf performance

Evidence for biomechanics and motor learning research improving golf performance

The Effects of Footwear on Squat Movements

Comparison of Three Normalization Methods for 3D Joint Moment in the Asymmetric Rotational Human Movements in Golf Swing Analysis

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