“…In the literature, several environmental studies have been performed to find out suitable adsorbents with high adsorption capacity for toxic metal ions. In this context, different types of adsorbents have been used for the removal and preconcentration of thorium(IV) ions including: metal oxide nanoparticles [9,36,37], plant seeds and leaves [2,11], gibbsite [31], graphene oxide composites [39], chitosan [3], pseudo-polyrotaxane [8], humic acid [32], modified silica nanoparticles [1], glauconite [40], alumina [34], silica-based monolith [10], metal oxides [14,30,35], organic-based polymers [7,33], bentonite [41], and activated carbon [4].…”