Thought processes during set shot goalkicking in Australian Rules football: An analysis of youth and semi-professional footballers using Think Aloud

Elliott, Sam; Whitehead, Amy; Magias, Terry

doi:10.1016/j.psychsport.2020.101659

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…However, as has been demonstrated by a small number of studies, use of the TA method appears to be feasible, at least in youths aged 13-18 years, and findings from studies that have made use of this method offer further insight into the thought processes of junior athletes and/or exercisers during task performance. For example, Elliott et al (2020) explored differences in thought processes between adult and junior Australian rules footballers during a set shot goal attempt and findings such as these could further enhance understanding of how different groups may develop and acquire skills, which would have applied implications for coaches and practitioners. Therefore, to better understand the development and acquisition of skills, more TA data needs to be collected from younger participants.…”

Section: Methodological Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These studies have developed novel, psychological understanding across a variety of topics, including challenge and threat states (e.g., McGreary et al, 2020), stressors and coping (Nicholls & Polman, 2008; Swettenham et al, 2018; Welsh et al, 2018), and pacing and attentional focus (Whitehead et al, 2018, 2019). Furthermore, researchers have demonstrated that a strength of the TA method is its flexibility in terms of analytic approaches, with studies to date having involved quantitative approaches (e.g., McGreary et al, 2020; Swettenham et al, 2018), qualitative approaches (McGreary et al, 2021; Welsh et al, 2018; Whitehead & Jackman, 2021), and a mix of these two approaches (Elliott et al, 2020). Despite evidence of the popularity of the TA method among sport and exercise psychology researchers, attempting to capture in-event cognitions can pose significant practical challenges and may be difficult to achieve in some contexts (Eccles et al, 2006; Jackman et al, 2022).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Think aloud research in sport and exercise psychology: A focused mapping review and synthesis.

McGreary,

Jackman,

Eccles

et al. 2024

Sport, Exercise, and Performance Psychology

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Use of Simon (1980, 1993) think aloud (TA) method within sport and exercise psychology research has increased in recent years. The purpose of this review was to map current research that has used the TA method with athletes and exercisers by synthesizing published literature that has adopted the TA method to investigate athlete or exerciser cognitions during task performance. Seven electronic databases were searched three times, with a final search conducted in April 2023. Thirty-six studies satisfying the eligibility criteria were included. Several methodological issues were identified including misunderstandings about the nature of the TA method, leading to the use of methods different from and sometimes antithetical to those proposed by Simon (1980, 1993). Other issues identified concerned participant samples, TA training, ecological validity of tasks, and defining the standard of participants. Theoretical misconceptions, methodological considerations, and recommendations for future research using the TA method to generate understanding of participant cognitions during task performance in sport and exercise are discussed. This review documents the extent and nature of the use of the TA method within sport and exercise psychology research and can guide researchers seeking to conduct high-quality research involving the TA method in future.

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Section: Methodological Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Think aloud research in sport and exercise psychology: A focused mapping review and synthesis.

McGreary,

Jackman,

Eccles

et al. 2024

Sport, Exercise, and Performance Psychology

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“…Likewise, it has also been shown that planning and reasoning about one's performance as well as evaluating problems as they arise during a game matter a lot to how well very good tennis players perform on the court (McPherson, 1999). Likewise, in the performance of triathletes (Baker et al, 2005) and Australian rules footballers (Elliott et al, 2020). These examples from sports, especially elite sports where the star performers must necessarily be very good learners to get to where they are, suggest that the pedagogical design of a course ought to promote metacognitive development and enable deliberate practice concurrently.…”

Section: From Teaching Excellence To Expertise Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

From Teaching Excellence to Expertise Development: A Pedagogical Framework for Developing Expertise

Lang¹

2021

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Given the challenges which the Covid-19 pandemic has brought about, many organizations are reconfiguring their operations to lower costs and raise productivity. One increasingly viable approach is to use artificial intelligence (AI) which, as it gets deployed more widely, will see the post-pandemic workplace transformed accordingly. If new graduates are to be ready for work in these new organisational contexts, it behooves educationists to transform teaching from an instructor-centric model that focuses on "teaching excellence" to a learner-centric one that focuses on developing the kind of expertise that will be particularly needed in the AI-enabled workplace. This paper proposes a pedagogical framework for expertise development, one built upon two concepts, viz., metacognitive development, and deliberate practice. This framework has been put to actual use by the author over four semesters in a university in Singapore to teach an introductory course in organizational behavior (OB). Instructors can use this framework to develop learners who will have a sound understanding of AI through a business lens. Such learners can become workers with skill sets and the requisite expertise to excel in AI-enabled organizations in the future.

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“…We have termed these cognitive verbalizations (Table 1). Second, verbalizations were coded according to the sport-specific verbalizations coding scheme consisting of eight categories developed by Calmeiro and Tenenbaum (2011), subsequently applied in golf research by Whitehead et al (2016) and Birch and Whitehead (2020), as well as other sports such as Australian Rules Football (Elliott et al, 2020; see Table 2).…”

Section: Verbal Reportsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An in-situ examination of cognitive processes in professional and amateur golfers during green reading.

Shaw

Birch

Runswick

2021

Sport, Exercise, and Performance Psychology

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Experts consistently display superior performance when compared to less-skilled individuals. This superior performance has been explained using the concept of Long-Term Working Memory (LTWM) that details enhanced recognition and recall processes in expert performers (Ericsson & Kintsch, Psychological Review, 102(2), 1995, 211-245). Research investigating LTWM in sport has often used simplified tasks, such as repeating the same golf putt in a laboratory. Such tasks can fail to capture the entire process of expert performance, often omitting important strategic elements that occur prior to executing a movement. We aimed to capture cognitions of professional and amateur golfers and test predictions based on LTWM using a representative task. We incorporated the entire process of reading a putt, including the walk to the green, which has not previously been investigated. Professional (n = 12) and amateur (n = 12) golfers walked from the tee box to the green and completed nine "holes" comprising of short, medium, and long putts while verbalizing their thoughts. Professional golfers performed better than amateurs on all putt lengths. Professional and amateur golfers verbalized similar statements when walking to the green. However, when on the green, professional golfers verbalized more outcome-focused planning statements in comparison to the amateur golfers, who focused more on technical execution. Findings enhance our understanding of cognitive expertise in green reading and have implications for the development of green reading skill in golf.

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Thought processes during set shot goalkicking in Australian Rules football: An analysis of youth and semi-professional footballers using Think Aloud

Cited by 9 publications

References 32 publications

Think aloud research in sport and exercise psychology: A focused mapping review and synthesis.

Think aloud research in sport and exercise psychology: A focused mapping review and synthesis.

From Teaching Excellence to Expertise Development: A Pedagogical Framework for Developing Expertise

An in-situ examination of cognitive processes in professional and amateur golfers during green reading.

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