Thought-shape fusion in young healthy females appears after vivid imagination of thin ideals

Wyssen, Andrea; Coelho, Jennifer S.; Wilhelm, Peter; Zimmermann, Grégoire; Munsch, Simone

doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2016.03.010

Cited by 22 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 36 publications

(55 reference statements)

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“…In contrast, the tendency to stick to such thoughts may favor pathological eating and body-related behavior. Since exposure to fattening foods and body ideals occur repeatedly on a daily basis, future studies should emphasize the role of cognitive processes, such as TSF, and especially focus on resulting behavioral consequences such as the urge to diet or frequent body checking (e.g., Coelho et al, 2008;Wyssen et al, 2016). Finally, a more profound knowledge about the effects of TSF and related cognitive inflexibility on ED pathology have the potential to further improve therapeutic interventions (such as ACT; Hayes et al, 1999).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is assumed that the susceptibility to TSF impacts self-related information processing and has emotional and behavioral consequences. While it has already been experimentally shown that in women food items (Coelho et al, 2008) and thin ideals (Wyssen et al, 2016) may provoke thought fusion linked to the experience of fear of weight gain, which leads to a vicious circle of negative affect and dysfunctional weight and shape regulation behavior, it has yet to be investigated, whether similar processes are present in men. Research is further needed to examine whether there are gender-specific triggers induce such cognitive processes and behavioral reactions in men (e.g., specific food items or muscularity ideals).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A model of disturbed eating behavior in men: The role of body dissatisfaction, emotion dysregulation and cognitive distortions

Wyssen

Bryjova

Meyer

et al. 2016

Psychiatry Research

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Comprehensive models, targeting the development of eating disorders (EDs) in males, often employ a sociocultural perspective and empathize the importance of body dissatisfaction (BD). To further illuminate psychological factors contributing to the development of ED pathology, we propose a mediator model of disturbed eating and compensatory behavior (DECB) for men. This model suggests that emotion dysregulation and the susceptibility to body-related cognitive distortions (thought-shape fusion, TSF) mediate the relationship between BD and DECB. Based on data from a cross-sectional online-survey we tested our model in a non-clinical community sample of young men (N=123, 18-37 years). We found a significant positive association between BD and DECB, accounting for participant's body mass index (BMI), age and depressive symptoms. While TSF partially mediated the relationship between BD and DECB, we did not detect a corresponding effect for emotion dysregulation. Based on our findings, we concluded that TSF, which describes specific distorted cognitions with respect to one's own body triggered by fattening/ forbidden food, contributes to the pathological eating- and body-related behavior in men who are dissatisfied with their body. We suggest that TSF should be included in etiological models as a relevant aspect of cognitive information processing with emotional and behavioral consequences.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A model of disturbed eating behavior in men: The role of body dissatisfaction, emotion dysregulation and cognitive distortions

Wyssen

Bryjova

Meyer

et al. 2016

Psychiatry Research

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“…Effect sizes of parental criticism and of parental emotional overinvolvement on children's emotional eating were both small. Thus, in order to explain emotional eating in children, further child-, parent-or family-based variables such as emotion regulation abilities or cognitive distortions (Wyssen, Coelho, Wilhelm, Zimmermann, & Munsch, 2016) should be considered.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Parental Expressed Emotions on Children's Emotional Eating via Children's Negative Urgency

Munsch

Dremmel

Kurz

et al. 2016

Euro Eating Disorders Rev

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We investigated whether parental expressed emotion (criticism and emotional overinvolvement) is related to children's emotional eating and whether this relationship is mediated by children's negative urgency. One hundred children, aged 8 to 13 years, either healthy or have binge-eating disorder and/or attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, completed the questionnaires, along with their parents. Parental criticism and, to a lesser extent, parental emotional overinvolvement were both positively related to children's emotional eating, and this relationship was mediated by children's negative urgency. Further exploratory analyses revealed that the mediating role of children's negative urgency in the relationship between parental criticism and children's emotional eating was pronounced in the clinical group of children with binge-eating disorder and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder but almost absent in the healthy control group. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.

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“…The manipulation was successful, in that the group with the fashion magazine reported induction of body-related cognitive distortions (e.g., feelings of fatness). Moreover, results showed a significant decrease of mood and body image satisfaction in the fashion magazine group compared to the control group ( Wyssen et al, 2016b ). The comparison process of an unrealistic inner thin-ideal representation with a preexisting negative representation of one’s own body (see e.g., Vossbeck-Elsebusch et al, 2015 ), might activate self-ideal discrepancy and lead to the feeling of weight gain.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive Distortions Associated with Imagination of the Thin Ideal: Validation of the Thought-Shape Fusion Body Questionnaire (TSF-B)

et al. 2017

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Thought-shape fusion (TSF) describes the experience of body-related cognitive distortions associated with eating disorder (ED) pathology. In the laboratory TSF has been activated by thoughts about fattening/forbidden foods and thin ideals. This study aims at validating a questionnaire to assess the trait susceptibility to TSF (i.e., body-related cognitive distortions) associated with the imagination of thin ideals, and developing an adapted version of the original TSF trait questionnaire, the Thought-Shape Fusion Body Questionnaire (TSF-B). Healthy control women (HC, n = 317) and women diagnosed with subthreshold and clinical EDs (n = 243) completed an online-questionnaire. The factor structure of the TSF-B questionnaire was examined using exploratory (EFA) and subsequent confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). EFA pointed to a two-factor solution, confirmed by CFA. Subscale 1 was named Imagination of thin ideals, containing five items referring to the imagination of female thin ideals. Subscale 2 was named Striving for own thin ideal, with seven items about pursuing/abandoning attempts to reach one’s own thin ideal. The total scale and both subscales showed good convergent validity, excellent reliability, and good ability to discriminate between individuals with subthreshold/clinical EDs and HCs. Results indicate that cognitive distortions are also related to the imagination of thin ideals, and are associated with ED pathology. With two subscales, the TSF-B trait questionnaire appropriately measures this construct. Future studies should clarify whether TSF-B is predictive for the development and course of EDs. Assessing cognitive distortions with the TSF-B questionnaire could improve understanding of EDs and stimulate the development of cognitively oriented interventions. Clinical Trial Registration Number: DRKS-ID: DRKS00005709.

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Thought-shape fusion in young healthy females appears after vivid imagination of thin ideals

Abstract: Vivid imagination of thin ideals promoted by magazines results in impaired mood and BIS and moreover in body-related cognitive distortions (TSF-B) in healthy women, especially, for those with stronger ED symptomatology.

Cited by 22 publications

References 36 publications

A model of disturbed eating behavior in men: The role of body dissatisfaction, emotion dysregulation and cognitive distortions

A model of disturbed eating behavior in men: The role of body dissatisfaction, emotion dysregulation and cognitive distortions

Influence of Parental Expressed Emotions on Children's Emotional Eating via Children's Negative Urgency

Cognitive Distortions Associated with Imagination of the Thin Ideal: Validation of the Thought-Shape Fusion Body Questionnaire (TSF-B)

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