Threat‐Detection and Attentional Bias to Threat in Women Recovered from Anorexia Nervosa: Neural Alterations in Extrastriate and Medial Prefrontal Cortices

Bang, Lasse; Rø, Øyvind; Endestad, Tor

doi:10.1002/erv.2494

Cited by 11 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…As REC did not show behavioural differences compared with NP, this neural signature might resemble a trait-phenomenon. Similar phenomena, that is, discrepancies of behavioural and neural data, were obtained in threat-detection, attentional bias to threat, and emotional conflict in REC (Bang et al, 2016(Bang et al, , 2017.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 64%

“…This resulted from a deceased recruitment in NP in combination with an increased recruitment in the AN group. Furthermore, studies of REC by Bang et al on socioemotional processing (threat detection and emotional conflict) yielded similar phenomena of decreased modulation (Bang, Rø, & Endestad, , ). Looking at recent studies evaluating disorder‐specific paradigms (food images), it seems that there is preserved modulation (Oberndorfer et al, ; Sanders et al, ; Scaife, Godier, Reinecke, Harmer, & Park, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

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Neurobiological signature of intimacy in anorexia nervosa

Maier

Spiegelberg

Zutphen

et al. 2019

Euro Eating Disorders Rev

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Background Intimacy and psychosexual development represent core problems of anorexia nervosa (AN). Experiential and neurobiological evidence however is scarce. Material and methods Thirty‐one female AN patients were compared with 35 non‐patients (NP) and 22 recovered participants (REC) by using functional magnetic resonance imaging. Participants viewed pictures of couples in intimate relationships and control stimuli. Results AN patients experienced intimate stimuli with lower valence and dominance. AN showed decreased activation of parietal cortices. NP decreased the prefrontal cortex response, which AN patients did not. REC participants did not differ from NP on a behavioural level, though with regard to the neural signature. Discussion Parietal cortices are related to processing of erotic themes, which seems to be deficient in AN. Dysfunction of prefrontal cortices likely mirrors dysfunctional control in AN. The neural signature does not seem to be state‐related considering results of REC.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 64%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

Neurobiological signature of intimacy in anorexia nervosa

Maier

Spiegelberg

Zutphen

et al. 2019

Euro Eating Disorders Rev

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Hyperactivation of extrastriate visual areas in OB patients, and increased connectivity of this region with other high-order visual processing areas, could be indicative of diminished control in the visual regions while processing emotionally salient stimuli 59 . In this sense, bidirectional feedback connections between the amygdala and extrastriatal visual areas are involved in the perceptual enhancement of emotionally relevant stimuli 60 and failure to properly engage this visual processing stream is likely to underlie in some measure the attentional biases found in OB 60–62 . Importantly, activation in the extrastriate visual cortex during emotion regulation was positively associated with body fat percentage in the control group, which indicates that increased activation of this region is not exclusively observed in obese individuals but also in those lean controls with a higher body fat percentage.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A multimodal MRI study of the neural mechanisms of emotion regulation impairment in women with obesity

et al. 2019

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Maladaptive emotion regulation contributes to overeating and impedes weight loss. Our study aimed to compare the voluntary downregulation of negative emotions by means of cognitive reappraisal in adult women with obesity (OB) and female healthy controls (HC) using a data-driven, multimodal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) approach. Women with OB ( n = 24) and HC ( n = 25) carried out an emotion regulation task during functional MRI scanning. Seed-to-voxel resting-state connectivity patterns derived from activation peaks identified by this task were compared between groups. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) was used to examine white matter microstructure integrity between regions exhibiting group differences in resting-state functional connectivity. Participants in the OB group presented reduced activation in the ventromedial prefrontal (vmPFC) cortex in comparison to the HC group when downregulating negative emotions, along with heightened activation in the extrastriate visual cortex ( p < 0.05, AlphaSim-corrected). Moreover, vmPFC peak activity levels during cognitive reappraisal were negatively correlated with self-reported difficulties in emotion regulation. OB patients exhibited decreased functional connectivity between the vmPFC and the temporal pole during rest (peak-pFWE = 0.039). Decreased fractional white-matter track volume in the uncinate fasciculus, which links these two regions, was also found in participants with OB. Taken together, our findings are indicative of emotion regulation deficits in OB being underpinned by dysfunctional hypoactivity in the vmPFC and hyperactivity in the extrastriate visual cortex. Our results provide a potential target circuit for neuromodulatory interventions to improve emotion regulation skills and weight-loss intervention outcomes.

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“…AN participants displayed elevated activity in the bilateral fusiform gyri for self-images, unlike the weight-recovered and healthy women, leading the authors to suggest cognitive distortions about physical appearance are a state rather than trait feature in AN [114]. However, one recent study identified persistent hyperactivation in the medial PFC during attentional bias to angry faces in recovered AN patients [115], possibly reflecting the existence of compensatory mechanisms. Lastly, abnormal spatiotemporal activation also appear to persists after recovery in AN, with one study identifying alterations in configural/holistic information for appearance- and non-appearance-related stimuli processing in patients with body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) and weight-restored AN patients [116].…”

Section: Self-monitoring Networkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neural Network Alterations Across Eating Disorders: A Narrative Review of fMRI Studies

et al. 2018

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Findings on reward processing in both AN and BN patients point to the presence of altered sensitivity to salient food stimuli in striatal regions and to the possibility of hypothalamic inputs being overridden by top-down emotional-cognitive control regions. Additionally, innovative new lines of research suggest that increased activations in fronto-striatal circuits are strongly associated with the maintenance of restrictive eating habits in AN patients. Although significantly fewer studies have been carried out in patients with BN and BED, aberrant neural responses to both food cues and anticipated food receipt appear to occur in these populations. These altered responses, coupled with diminished recruitment of prefrontal cognitive control circuitry, are believed to contribute to the binge eating of palatable foods. Results from functional network connectivity studies are diverse, but findings tend to converge on indicating disrupted resting-state connectivity in executive networks, the default-mode network and the salience network across EDs.

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Threat‐Detection and Attentional Bias to Threat in Women Recovered from Anorexia Nervosa: Neural Alterations in Extrastriate and Medial Prefrontal Cortices

Abstract: Women recovered from AN are characterized by altered neural responses to threat cues. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.

Cited by 11 publications

References 57 publications

Neurobiological signature of intimacy in anorexia nervosa

Neurobiological signature of intimacy in anorexia nervosa

A multimodal MRI study of the neural mechanisms of emotion regulation impairment in women with obesity

Neural Network Alterations Across Eating Disorders: A Narrative Review of fMRI Studies

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