Threat of paediatric hyperthermia in an enclosed vehicle: a year-round study

Duzinski, Sarah V.; Barczyk, Amanda N.; Wheeler, Tareka; Iyer, Seema; Lawson, Karla A.

doi:10.1136/injuryprev-2013-040910

Cited by 25 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Environmental HRI, also referred to as classic or non-exertional HRI, typically follows prolonged exposure to high ambient temperatures or shorter exposure to extreme heat [ 7 ]. Very young children and babies are similar to dogs in that they are generally not agents of their own liberty from confinement [ 8 ]. Very young children and babies are also at risk of vehicular HRI (a subtype of environmental HRI) following confinement in a hot vehicle after being left unattended or after accidentally locking themselves inside the vehicle [ 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dogs Don’t Die Just in Hot Cars—Exertional Heat-Related Illness (Heatstroke) Is a Greater Threat to UK Dogs

Hall

Carter

O’Neill

2020

Animals

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Heat-related illness will affect increasing numbers of dogs as global temperatures rise unless effective mitigation strategies are implemented. This study aimed to identify the key triggers of heat-related illness in dogs and investigate canine risk factors for the most common triggers in UK dogs. Using the VetCompassTM programme, de-identified electronic patient records of 905,543 dogs under primary veterinary care in 2016 were reviewed to identify 1259 heat-related illness events from 1222 dogs. Exertional heat-related illness was the predominant trigger (74.2% of events), followed by environmental (12.9%) and vehicular confinement (5.2%). Canine and human risk factors appear similar; young male dogs had greater odds of exertional heat-related illness, older dogs and dogs with respiratory compromise had the greatest odds of environmental heat-related illness. Brachycephalic dogs had greater odds of all three types of heat-related illness compared with mesocephalic dogs. The odds of death following vehicular heat-related illness (OR 1.47, p = 0.492) was similar to that of exertional heat-related illness. In the UK, exertional heat-related illness affects more dogs, and kills more dogs, than confinement in a hot vehicle. Campaigns to raise public awareness about heat-related illness in dogs need to highlight that dogs don’t die just in hot cars.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dogs Don’t Die Just in Hot Cars—Exertional Heat-Related Illness (Heatstroke) Is a Greater Threat to UK Dogs

Hall

Carter

O’Neill

2020

Animals

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“…On a hot day in full sun, vehicles can reach dangerously high temperatures exceeding 70 °C in response to a greenhouse effect [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 ]. Further, children are especially vulnerable to heat because of a combination of less efficient thermoregulation than an adult and the inability to adjust clothing as they are strapped into a car safety seat [ 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 ]. Unfortunately, deaths from heatstroke in vehicles are not uncommon, at least in the U.S. where it has been well documented.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The greater number of deaths in southern states is likely related to the greater frequency of hot days, which increases the likelihood for high cabin temperatures. Indeed, a study in Austin, TX noted that even in winter, cabin temperatures could reach dangerous levels [ 4 ]. Finally, most fatalities (70%) occur in the summer months [ 10 , 11 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Analysis of Children Left Unattended in Parked Motor Vehicles in Brazil

Costa

Grundstein

2016

IJERPH

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Our study investigates the incidence of children left unattended in parked motor vehicles in Brazil. These events have been widely explored in the United States but less so abroad, and never in Brazil. Over the period from 2006 to 2015, we collected data from news reports on 31 cases, including 21 fatalities. The circumstances mostly involved a caregiver, especially a parent, forgetting the child (71%), but cases also included the child being intentionally left in the vehicle (23%) or gaining access to the vehicle (3%). Children tended to be forgotten more frequently in fatal cases (86%), particularly on the way to daycare, than non-fatal incidents where circumstances were more evenly distributed between forgetting (40%) and being intentionally left behind (50%). Incidents occurred throughout the country but mostly in the southeastern region near the city of São Paulo. Additionally, the danger for children is present year-round as we observed cases in every season, albeit with a peak in the summer. This heat-related hazard is not well recognized across Brazil and we recommend increasing awareness through education. Further, given the high percentage of cases involving parents forgetting to leave their children at daycare, we recommend arrangements between daycare providers and parents to communicate when a child does not attend as expected.

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“…While studies have investigated livestock transport and the potential impact of thermal stress, there is a lack of comparable research on thermal transportation conditions for pet dogs ( Mitchell and Kettlewell, 2008 ; Mitchell et al , 2010 ). Existing studies have looked at a short time period in the USA ( McLaren, 2005 ; Grundstein et al , 2009 ; Duzinski et al , 2014 ) or looked at the impact of specific storage methods for drugs, such as insulated containers in cars housed predominantly in a garage or car port for a single year ( Haberleitner et al , 2014 ). Comprehensive, year-round studies recording the internal temperatures from cars parked in open, unshaded car parks within a temperate climate, such as the UK, are currently lacking.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drugs, dogs, and driving: the potential for year-round thermal stress in UK vehicles

Carter¹,

Hall²,

Connolly³

et al. 2020

Open Vet J.

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Background: Dogs are regularly transported or housed in vehicles, with guidelines for housing dogs suggesting that the ambient temperature should be maintained between 15°C and 24°C. Veterinary drugs are routinely stored and carried in vehicles providing ambulatory veterinary care. Non-refrigerated medications typically require storage between 8°C and 25°C.Aim: This study aims to investigate the potential for thermal stress associated with vehicular storage and transportation of drugs and dogs in a temperate climate, such as the United Kingdom.Methods: The study used data loggers to continuously record internal temperatures of four vehicles at 15-minute intervals over a two-year period, to investigate the effect of seasonality and time of day on the internal car temperature.Results: The internal car temperature ranged from −7.4°C to 54.5°C during the study period. Temperatures fell below 8°C every month, except June and July. The internal car temperature exceeded typical drug storage recommendations (>25°C) during every month, and exceeded the canine thermoneutral zone (>35°C) from April to September. Peak temperatures occurred between 14:00 and 17:00 hours.Conclusion: The results demonstrate the year-round potential for thermal stress of both dogs and drugs left in cars. Public awareness campaigns highlighting the risks of leaving dogs in hot cars are typically launched in late spring, but should consider launching earlier in light of these findings. Veterinary surgeons transporting drugs should take measures to ensure that drugs are stored within the manufacturer’s temperature range year-round. This will limit the potential for drug degradation and decreased efficacy. Keywords: Car temperature, Drug storage, Dog transport, Thermal stress.

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Threat of paediatric hyperthermia in an enclosed vehicle: a year-round study

Cited by 25 publications

References 13 publications

Dogs Don’t Die Just in Hot Cars—Exertional Heat-Related Illness (Heatstroke) Is a Greater Threat to UK Dogs

Dogs Don’t Die Just in Hot Cars—Exertional Heat-Related Illness (Heatstroke) Is a Greater Threat to UK Dogs

An Analysis of Children Left Unattended in Parked Motor Vehicles in Brazil

Drugs, dogs, and driving: the potential for year-round thermal stress in UK vehicles

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