Threats to the Internal Validity of Experimental and Quasi-Experimental Research in Healthcare

Flannelly, Kevin J.; Flannelly, Laura T.; Jankowski, Katherine R. B.

doi:10.1080/08854726.2017.1421019

Cited by 70 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 21 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…This last design is the best in the elimination of any confounders that may influence the effect of the intervention. However, it was not used in our study due to logistic obstacles, and this might be considered as one of the study limitations given the threats to internal validity associated with the quasiexperimental designs as clarified by Flannelly et al, (2018).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness of Inhalation of Lavender Oil in Relieving Post-Cesarean Section Pain

Abdraboo¹,

Amasha²,

Ali³

2020

MJN

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Lavender proved to be effective in relieving pain arising from many conditions. However, there is a paucity of studies addressing its effectiveness in the relief of post-cesarean section (CS) pain. Aim: to investigate the effectiveness of inhalation of Lavender oil in relieving post-CS pain. Subjects and methods: This quasi-experimental controlled study was carried at the Postpartum Unit affiliated to Suez-Canal University Hospitals on a convenience sample of 100 postpartum women delivered by CS. They were randomly divided into two equal groups, 50 receiving Lavender oil and oxygen, and 50 control. An interview questionnaire sheet with the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), and the Modified Version of Johansson Pain-O-Meter (MJPOM) pain scale was used to collect data. The work was from October 2013 to January 2014. Results: Women in the two groups had similar demographic and obstetric characteristics. The mean VAS pain score was almost double in the control group compared with the study group (p<0.001). Moreover, the mean MJPOM pain scores (sensory, affective, and total) were all higher in the control group (p<0.001). Pain scores were higher among primiparas (p<0.001), and 68.0% of study group women reported that Lavender was effective in decreasing their post-CS pain. Conclusion and recommendations: Lavender oil inhalation is effective in relieving post-CS pain. A duplication of this study using a full randomized clinical trial design is recommended to provide a stronger evidence of its effectiveness and to overcome the limitations of the quasi-experimental design concerning internal validity.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness of Inhalation of Lavender Oil in Relieving Post-Cesarean Section Pain

Abdraboo¹,

Amasha²,

Ali³

2020

MJN

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…e present study had several limitations. Based on a prospective quasiexperimental nonequivalent group design, selection bias of participants assigned to the control group and intervention group in different recruitment periods was inevitable in this study and might reduce the internal validity of this study [34]. In addition, many devices were able to connect to the Internet.…”

Section: Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of an e-Health Intervention in Holistic Healthcare: A Quasiexperiment in Patients Undergoing Cardiac Catheterization in Taiwan

Peng

Lin

et al. 2021

Journal of Healthcare Engineering

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background. The use of electronic health (e-health) resources is emerging as an alternative method to improve the secondary prevention of coronary artery disease (CAD). The aim of this study was to describe the influence of an e-health application in holistic healthcare for patients with CAD. Methods. A quasiexperiment with nonequivalent groups design recruited outpatients with a high risk of CAD admitted for cardiac catheterization. They were divided into two groups. Before the procedure, the control group received traditional patient education, and the intervention group watched videos on Internet-based social media. EQ-5D and FACIT–Sp-12 questionnaires were used as outcome measures of interest, and they were administered before and after the procedure and at the first return visit to the outpatient clinic after discharge. The effect of each intervention was tested using a linear mixed effects model. In addition, the 90-day readmission rate was also studied. Results. A total of 300 patients were divided into intervention and control groups (150 patients in each group). The interaction effect of EQ-5D was not statistically significant; however, improvements in FACIT–Sp-12 were greater in the intervention group from baseline to before discharge (regression coefficient (B) = 1.70, p < 0.001 ) and from baseline to postdischarge first outpatient visit (B = 1.81, p < 0.001 ). Moreover, the 90-day readmission rate was significantly lower in the intervention group (14% vs. 18.7%; p = 0.016 , log-rank test). Conclusions. e-health intervention with easily accessible Internet-based social media is a promising model to meet the holistic needs of patients with CAD in the modern era.

show abstract

“…A primary aim for current research on spirituality in the fields of psychotherapy, healthcare and pastoral care is to articulate the different ways in which practitioners can facilitate patient engagement with existential issues in order to manage suffering and distress (Klemens, 2004; Pargament, 2011). Significant outcomes for palliative care that have emerged from this increased inter-professional and disciplinary alignment have included: quality indicators that measure and document what matters (O'Reilly et al, 2016; Aslakson et al, 2017; Snowden and Telfer, 2017; Flannelly et al, 2018; Fitchett et al, 2020); clinical practice guidelines for psychosocial distress and spiritual care practice (Murillo and Holland, 2004; Bernard, 2017); as well as a number of manualized psychotherapeutic interventions (LeMay and Wilson, 2008; Marchand, 2012; Breitbart et al, 2018; Rodin et al, 2018). Relatedly, many research projects have described endeavors to help patients through letters, diaries, legacy documents, and other narrative approaches (Cooper, 2011; Emery, 2013; Sumathy, 2019) and attended to the impact that cultural and contextual diversity can have on spirituality and religiosity in supportive and palliative care (Delgado-Guay, 2014; Lopez-Sierra and Rodriguez-Sanchez, 2015; Ahluwalia et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward a clinical model for patient spiritual journeys in supportive and palliative care: Testing a concept of human spirituality and associated recursive states

2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective In 2015, a Chaplaincy Research Consortium generated a model of human spirituality in the palliative care context to further chaplaincy research. This article investigates the clinical fit of (a) the model's fundamental premise of universal human spirituality and (b) its 4 proposed stage descriptors (Discovery, Dialogue, Struggle, and Arrival). Method First, we collected qualitative data from an interdisciplinary palliative care focus group. Participants (n = 5) shared responses to the statement “the human spirit has essential commonalities across [ … ] groups and [ … ] attributes.” Participants also shared vignettes of spiritual care, and 48 vignettes illustrating patients’ spiritual journeys were subsequently taken from the transcript of that group. Second, we invited different mixed discipline palliative care professionals (n = 9) to individually card sort these vignettes to the model's 4 stage descriptors; we conducted pattern analysis on the results. We then administered a third step, convening six physicians to complete the card sort again, this time allowing designation of cards to one or two of the 4 stage descriptors. Results Focus group participants were supportive of the model's all-encompassing definition of spirituality. The concept of “connectedness” was a shared focus for all participants, connectedness and spirituality appearing almost synonymous. Pattern analysis of assigned 48 vignettes to the 4 stages showed stronger consensus around Discovery and Arrival than Struggle and Dialogue. Results of the additional card sort suggested Struggle and Dialogue involve oscillation and are harder to think of as a steady state as distinct from processes associated with Discovery or Arrival. Significance of results “Connectedness” is a productive concept for modeling human spiritual experience near the end of life. As one healthcare professional said: “this connectedness piece is [ … ] what I always look for … ” Although further work is needed to understand struggle and dialogue elements in peoples’ spiritual journeys, discovery and arrival shared consensus among participants.

show abstract

Threats to the Internal Validity of Experimental and Quasi-Experimental Research in Healthcare

Cited by 70 publications

References 21 publications

Effectiveness of Inhalation of Lavender Oil in Relieving Post-Cesarean Section Pain

Effectiveness of Inhalation of Lavender Oil in Relieving Post-Cesarean Section Pain

Role of an e-Health Intervention in Holistic Healthcare: A Quasiexperiment in Patients Undergoing Cardiac Catheterization in Taiwan

Toward a clinical model for patient spiritual journeys in supportive and palliative care: Testing a concept of human spirituality and associated recursive states

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About