Three 3-axis accelerometers fixed inside the tyre for studying contact patch deformations in wet conditions

Niskanen, Arto; Tuononen, Ari J.

doi:10.1080/00423114.2014.898777

Cited by 45 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Tire-road contact length measurements were performed in the previous research to determine the aquaplaning progress in the contact area [ 10 , 11 , 12 ]. The same concept was applied in this research.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since the Tire Pressure Monitoring System (TPMS) is already mandatory in new vehicles, tire sensors are no longer only research and development tools. Acceleration signals have been used previously to examine the forces [ 9 ] and the progress of aquaplaning in the contact patch [ 10 , 11 , 12 ] and to determine the road surface conditions [ 8 , 13 , 14 ]. An accelerometer has also been used to study the energy-harvesting needs for an intelligent tire [ 15 ], which is one of the issues to be solved when considering tire sensors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Three Three-Axis IEPE Accelerometers on the Inner Liner of a Tire for Finding the Tire-Road Friction Potential Indicators

Niskanen

Tuononen

2015

Sensors

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Direct tire-road contact friction estimation is essential for future autonomous cars and active safety systems. Friction estimation methods have been proposed earlier for driving conditions in the presence of a slip angle or slip ratio. However, the estimation of the friction from a freely-rolling tire is still an unsolved topic. Knowing the existing friction potential would be beneficial since vehicle control systems could be adjusted before any remarkable tire force has been produced. Since accelerometers are well-known and robust, and thus a promising sensor type for intelligent tires, this study uses three three-axis IEPE accelerometers on the inner liner of a tire to detect friction potential indicators on two equally smooth surfaces with different friction levels. The equal roughness was chosen for both surfaces in order to study the friction phenomena by neglecting the effect of surface texture on vibrations. The acceleration data before the contact is used to differentiate the two friction levels between the tire and the road. In addition, the contact lengths from the three accelerometers are used to validate the acceleration data. A method to differentiate the friction levels on the basis of the acceleration signal is also introduced.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three Three-Axis IEPE Accelerometers on the Inner Liner of a Tire for Finding the Tire-Road Friction Potential Indicators

Niskanen

Tuononen

2015

Sensors

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“…Especially for high vehicle speeds, inertia effects are expected to have a significant impact on the squeeze out process as shown by [1, p. 31]. In [8] hydroplaning is identified for a water height of 8 mm by comparing the signal obtained from acceleration sensors mounted on the inner liner of the tire carcass with data from a high-speed camera which observes the footprint through a glass plate. The acceleration signal, however, allows no direct inference to the fluid pressure and the water height of 8 mm is already in the region of full hydroplaning.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic measurement of the fluid pressure in the tire contact area on wet roads

Löwer

Wagner

Unrau

et al. 2020

Automot. Engine Technol.

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The main goal of this study was the experimental investigation of the fluid pressure in the boundary region between wet grip and hydroplaning. In order to gain an insight into the processes in the tire contact area, a test setup was developed to directly measure the fluid pressure in the water film between tire and road. The fluid pressure was measured on an asphalt track for different speeds, water heights and tire patterns on an inner drum test bench. The influence of the examined parameters on the fluid pressure is clearly visible and physically plausible. Braking tests were done in order to clarify how much the fluid pressure build up influences the overall braking performance in the boundary region between wet grip and hydroplaning.

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“…Tire sensing is an emerging approach to measure tire states such as deformations and to provide information about the tire-road interface including friction level (Singh et al, 2013;Matsuzaki et al, 2015), footprint dimension (Niskanen and Tuononen, 2014), and maximum sinkage (Naranjo et al, 2014), etc., for vehicle control and tire development applications. Several studies (Hong et al, 2013;Zhang et al, 2013;Tuononen, 2009) have demonstrated the ability of tire sensing to reveal the mechanism of generating tire force and to estimate corresponding forces.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rolling deformation of truck tires: Measurement and analysis using a tire sensing approach

Xiong

Tuononen

2015

Journal of Terramechanics

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Three 3-axis accelerometers fixed inside the tyre for studying contact patch deformations in wet conditions

Cited by 45 publications

References 14 publications

Three Three-Axis IEPE Accelerometers on the Inner Liner of a Tire for Finding the Tire-Road Friction Potential Indicators

Three Three-Axis IEPE Accelerometers on the Inner Liner of a Tire for Finding the Tire-Road Friction Potential Indicators

Dynamic measurement of the fluid pressure in the tire contact area on wet roads

Rolling deformation of truck tires: Measurement and analysis using a tire sensing approach

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