Three Applications Of The Theory Of Postformal Thought: Wisdom, Concepts Of God, And Success In College

Psychometric Properties of the Spanish Version of the Complex Postformal Thought Questionnaire: Developmental Pattern and Significance and Its Relationship With Cognitive and Personality Measures

“…The PFTQ can provide a global measure, with scores ranging from 10 to 70 and using three sub-scales, although this structure does require further study (Cartwright et al, 2009). Likewise, the need to study developmental patterns of PFT in adults of different ages has been indicated by many who routinely use the PFTQ (see Benovenli et al, 2011;Galupo et al, 2010;Griffin et al, 2009;Lomranz & Benyamini, 2016;Sinnott et al, 2016Sinnott et al, , 2017Sinnott et al, , 2020. This could be achieved by analyzing the psychometric properties and factor structure of the PFTQ in distinct adult age groups (Cartwright et al, 2009).…”

“…Note that each cognitive operation describes a particular aspect of PFT, yet at the same time, they are all related to each other and to problem solving (Sinnott, 1984(Sinnott, , 1998(Sinnott, , 2010. Sinnott (1984) herself states that "the structure of the relationships within the [relativistic] stage is unique" (p. 319), which does not devalue the importance of performing finegrained analyses that focus on the idiosyncrasies of a particular aspect of PFT when necessary (for example, see Benovenli et al, 2011). Moreover, the two pillars that form the core of PFT in Sinnott's theory (i.e.…”

“…However, the principle of parsimony led us to choose the unidimensional model as the most appropriate to represent the dimensionality of the questionnaire. Finally, a review of the studies that have used this questionnaire, including those carried out by Sinnott herself, reveals most of them employed a total score (Benovenli et al, 2011;Galupo et al, Psychometric Properties of the Spanish Version of the Complex Postformal Thought Questionnaire: Developmental Pattern and...…”

“…The PFTQ is a paper-and-pencil questionnaire that is composed of 10 items referring to the postformal operations she proposed (see Sinnott, 1984Sinnott, , 1998Sinnott et al, 2017). The PFTQ has been used widely (Benovenli et al, 2011;Galupo et al, 2010;Griffin et al, 2009;Jennings et al, 2009;Jory et al, 2018;McLaughlin et al, 2018;Pearson et al, 2018;Sinnott et al, 2016Sinnott et al, , 2017Sinnott et al, , 2020Sinnott & Johnson, 1997; see also relatedly Collins et al, 1997;Vukman, 2005), and its psychometric properties have been studied (Cartwright et al, 2009) defining a modest internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = .63) and evidence of validity (Cacioppo et al, 1984). The factor structure of the questionnaire has also been studied (Cartwright et al, 2009) and three factors were found to account for 46% of the variance.…”

From causal thinking to wisdom and spirituality: some perspectives on a growing research field in adult (cognitive) development

“…The close link between wisdom and spirituality is a customary assumption in the research (Ardelt et al 2013, Miller-Perrin and Mancuso 2015, Lee et al 2015, Walsh and Reams 2015, Walach 2015, DeMichelis et al 2015. Wisdom as 'self-transcendence' is also often included in the discussion (Le and Levenson 2005, Hartwig and Morgan 2013, Benovenli et al 2011; the self is linked, integrated or em bedded into something greater (Boyatzis 2012).…”