Three C-terminal phosphorylation sites in the Abutilon mosaic virus movement protein affect symptom development and viral DNA accumulation

Kleinow, Tatjana; Nischang, Marc; Beck, Alexander; Kratzer, Ulrich; Tanwir, Fariha; Preiß, Werner; Kepp, Gabi; Jeske, Holger

doi:10.1016/j.virol.2009.04.018

Cited by 45 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 77 publications

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“…11), and thereby, the host proteins can be used as a loading control. The anti-HA antibody reaction, which is usually strong and selective, as shown here for HA:AC1 and previously for other geminiviral proteins (53,(78)(79)(80)82), supports the notion that the AC2 protein accumulates to very low levels (Fig. 11b), independently of whether HA:AC2 was expressed alone or together with HA:AC1.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Transcriptional gene silencing (TGS) and PTGS have to be considered. As was shown previously for other geminiviral proteins (78)(79)(80), the coexpression of a PTGS suppressor such as P19 may enhance protein yield, a prerequisite which was also important for AbMV AC2 in this study. Placing an intron into the gene of interest may additionally reduce PTGS effects (81).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

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Early Function of the Abutilon Mosaic Virus AC2 Gene as a Replication Brake

Krenz

Deuschle

Deigner

et al. 2015

J Virol

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The C2/AC2 genes of monopartite/bipartite geminiviruses of the genera Begomovirus and Curtovirus encode important pathogenicity factors with multiple functions described so far. A novel function of Abutilon mosaic virus (AbMV) AC2 as a replication brake is described, utilizing transgenic plants with dimeric inserts of DNA B or with a reporter construct to express green fluorescent protein (GFP). Their replicational release upon AbMV superinfection or the individual and combined expression of epitope-tagged AbMV AC1, AC2, and AC3 was studied. In addition, the effects were compared in the presence and in the absence of an unrelated tombusvirus suppressor of silencing (P19). The results show that AC2 suppresses replication reproducibly in all assays and that AC3 counteracts this effect. Examination of the topoisomer distribution of supercoiled DNA, which indicates changes in the viral minichromosome structure, did not support any influence of AC2 on transcriptional gene silencing and DNA methylation. The geminiviral AC2 protein has been detected here for the first time in plants. The experiments revealed an extremely low level of AC2, which was slightly increased if constructs with an intron and a hemagglutinin (HA) tag in addition to P19 expression were used. AbMV AC2 properties are discussed with reference to those of other geminiviruses with respect to charge, modification, and size in order to delimit possible reasons for the different behaviors. IMPORTANCEThe (A)C2 genes encode a key pathogenicity factor of begomoviruses and curtoviruses in the plant virus family Geminiviridae. This factor has been implicated in the resistance breaking observed in agricultural cotton production. AC2 is a multifunctional protein involved in transcriptional control, gene silencing, and regulation of basal biosynthesis. Here, a new function of Abutilon mosaic virus AC2 in replication control is added as a feature of this protein in viral multiplication, providing a novel finding on geminiviral molecular biology.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Early Function of the Abutilon Mosaic Virus AC2 Gene as a Replication Brake

Krenz

Deuschle

Deigner

et al. 2015

J Virol

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“…Host phosphorylation of plant viral proteins can play positive or negative roles in the infection process (35)(36)(37). Geminivirus proteins, including the begomovirus movement proteins MP and NSP, a curtovirus C4 protein, and the satellite ␤C1 protein, are also substrates of host protein kinases, but less is known about the roles of these phosphorylation events in infection (31,(38)(39)(40).…”

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confidence: 99%

SnRK1 Phosphorylation of AL2 Delays Cabbage Leaf Curl Virus Infection in Arabidopsis

Shen

Dallas

Goshe

et al. 2014

J Virol

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Geminivirus AL2/C2 proteins play key roles in establishing infection and causing disease in their plant hosts. They are involved in viral gene expression, counter host defenses by suppressing transcriptional gene silencing, and interfere with the host signaling involved in pathogen resistance. We report here that begomovirus and curtovirus AL2/C2 proteins interact strongly with host geminivirus Rep-interacting kinases (GRIKs), which are upstream activating kinases of the protein kinase SnRK1, a global regulator of energy and nutrient levels in plants. We used an in vitro kinase system to show that GRIK-activated SnRK1 phosphorylates recombinant AL2/C2 proteins from several begomoviruses and to map the SnRK1 phosphorylation site to serine-109 in the AL2 proteins of two New World begomoviruses: Cabbage leaf curl virus (CaLCuV) and Tomato mottle virus. A CaLCuV AL2 S109D phosphomimic mutation did not alter viral DNA levels in protoplast replication assays. In contrast, the phosphomimic mutant was delayed for symptom development and viral DNA accumulation during infection of Arabidopsis thaliana, demonstrating that SnRK1 contributes to host defenses against CaLCuV. Our observation that serine-109 is not conserved in all AL2/C2 proteins that are SnRK1 substrates in vitro suggested that phosphorylation of viral proteins by plant kinases contributes to the evolution of geminivirus-host interactions.

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“…Begomoviruses are either mono or bipartite genomes each of *2.7 kb in length. DNA A encodes the coat protein and genes involved in viral replication while DNA B is involved in systemic viral movement, symptom expression and host range determination [2][3][4]. Considering the importance of weeds as reservoirs of begomoviruses, a study was undertaken to identify begomovirus species in Indian weed plants.…”

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confidence: 99%

Molecular Evidence for the Occurrence of Abutilon mosaic virus, A New World Begomovirus in India

Jyothsna

Haq

Jayaprakash³

et al. 2013

Indian J. Virol.

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During an investigation in the year 2010, on the weed reservoir of begomovirus, Abutilon pictum showing bright yellow mosaic symptoms was observed in Udhagamandalam, Tamil Nadu, India. The complete bipartite genome of a begomovirus was cloned and sequenced which revealed association of Abutilon mosaic virus (AbMV). Nicotiana benthamiana plants inoculated biolistically with the concatemers generated through rolling circle amplification of the cloned DNAs were asymptomatic; however three out of nine plants showed presence of viral DNA A. A recombination event in the ORF BC1 with ToLCNDV DNA B (HM989846) was detected. This is the first molecular evidence of AbMV in India.

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Three C-terminal phosphorylation sites in the Abutilon mosaic virus movement protein affect symptom development and viral DNA accumulation

Cited by 45 publications

References 77 publications

Early Function of the Abutilon Mosaic Virus AC2 Gene as a Replication Brake

Early Function of the Abutilon Mosaic Virus AC2 Gene as a Replication Brake

SnRK1 Phosphorylation of AL2 Delays Cabbage Leaf Curl Virus Infection in Arabidopsis

Molecular Evidence for the Occurrence of Abutilon mosaic virus, A New World Begomovirus in India

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