Three classes of oxygen-dependent cyclase involved in chlorophyll and bacteriochlorophyll biosynthesis

Chen, Guangyu E.; Canniffe, Daniel P.; Hunter, C. Neil

doi:10.1073/pnas.1701687114

Cited by 35 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Each of these genes are essential for plant growth and almost assuredly play roles in responses to environmental stimuli that merit investigation outside of the context of this molecular phylogenetic study, in which we use them to resolve evolutionary relationships. For the purposes here, it is noteworthy that all four nuclear genes are ubiquitous in vascular plants and yield phylogenies believed to be consistent with the vascular plant tree of life (Vandenbussche et al, 2007;Mathews, 2010;Chen et al, 2017).…”

Section: Dna Extraction Amplification and Sanger Sequencingmentioning

confidence: 83%

Nuclear and Chloroplast Sequences Resolve the Enigmatic Origin of the Concord Grape

et al. 2020

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Despite the commercial importance of the Concord grape, its origin has remained unresolved for over 150 years without a comprehensive phylogenetic analysis. In this study we aimed to reconstruct the evolutionary history of the Concord grape using sequence data from four nuclear markers (AT103, GAI1, PHYA, and SQD1), six plastid markers (matK, psbA-trnH, petN-trnC, ycf1, trnL-F, and trnS-G), and the plastid genome. We sampled extensively the Vitis species native to northeastern North America as well as representative species from Europe and Asia, including the commercially important Vitis vinifera (wine grape), a native European species with hermaphroditic flowers, and its wild progenitor, V. vinifera subsp. sylvestris. We also sequenced the plastid genome of one accession of the Concord grape and compared the plastid genome data to the recently published data set of Vitis plastomes. Phylogenetic analyses of the plastid and nuclear data using maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference support the hybrid origin of the Concord grape. The results clearly pinpoint the wine grape, V. vinifera, as the maternal donor and the fox grape, Vitis labrusca, which is common in northeastern North America, as the paternal donor. Moreover, we infer that the breeding history of the Concord grape must have involved the backcrossing of the F1 hybrid with the paternal parent V. labrusca. This backcrossing also explains the higher morphological similarity of the Concord grape to V. labrusca than to V. vinifera. This study provides concrete genetic evidence for the hybrid origin of a widespread Vitis cultivar and is, therefore, promising for similar future studies focused on resolving ambiguous origins of major crops or to create successful hybrid fruit crops.

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Section: Dna Extraction Amplification and Sanger Sequencingmentioning

confidence: 83%

Nuclear and Chloroplast Sequences Resolve the Enigmatic Origin of the Concord Grape

et al. 2020

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“…PCC 6803 (201,202), Chl27 in Arabidopsis (203) and Xantha-I in barley (204). Three classes of O2-dependent cyclases have been identified: in betaproteobacteria AcsF is sufficient, whereas oxygenic phototrophs require an auxiliary subunit, Ycf54 (205), and alphaproteobacteria also require BciE (206).…”

Section: The Transformation Of Protoix Into Chls -Chl Amentioning

confidence: 99%

Biosynthesis of the modified tetrapyrroles—the pigments of life

Bryant

Hunter

Warren

2020

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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196

164

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Modified tetrapyrroles are large macrocyclic compounds, consisting of diverse conjugation and metal chelation systems and imparting an array of colors to the biological structures that contain them. Tetrapyrroles represent some of the most complex small molecules synthesized by cells and are involved in many essential processes that are fundamental to life on Earth, including photosynthesis, respiration, and catalysis. These molecules are all derived from a common template through a series of enzyme-mediated transformations that alter the oxidation state of the macrocycle and also modify its size, its side-chain composition, and the nature of the centrally chelated metal ion. The different modified tetrapyrroles include chlorophylls, hemes, siroheme, corrins (including vitamin B12), coenzyme F430, heme d1, and bilins. After nearly a century of study, almost all of the more than 90 different enzymes that synthesize this family of compounds are now known, and expression of reconstructed operons in heterologous hosts has confirmed that most pathways are complete. Aside from the highly diverse nature of the chemical reactions catalyzed, an interesting aspect of comparative biochemistry is to see how different enzymes and even entire pathways have evolved to perform alternative chemical reactions to produce the same end products in the presence and absence of oxygen. Although there is still much to learn, our current understanding of tetrapyrrole biogenesis represents a remarkable biochemical milestone that is summarized in this review.

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“…The second step is catalysed by ChlM [190], while the third is catalysed via ChlA1 (AcsF) or ChlA2 [191]. Ycf54 may also be required for ChlA1 activity [192]. Two independent enzymes, a light-dependent NADPH:protochlorophyllide reductase (LPOR) or a ferredoxin-dependent DPOR complex, can catalyse the following step [193], while BciB catalyses the step after this [194,195].…”

Section: Chlorophyll Biosynthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Current knowledge and recent advances in understanding metabolism of the model cyanobacteriumSynechocystissp. PCC 6803

2020

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Cyanobacteria are key organisms in the global ecosystem, useful models for studying metabolic and physiological processes conserved in photosynthetic organisms, and potential renewable platforms for production of chemicals. Characterizing cyanobacterial metabolism and physiology is key to understanding their role in the environment and unlocking their potential for biotechnology applications. Many aspects of cyanobacterial biology differ from heterotrophic bacteria. For example, most cyanobacteria incorporate a series of internal thylakoid membranes where both oxygenic photosynthesis and respiration occur, while CO2 fixation takes place in specialized compartments termed carboxysomes. In this review, we provide a comprehensive summary of our knowledge on cyanobacterial physiology and the pathways in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 (Synechocystis) involved in biosynthesis of sugar-based metabolites, amino acids, nucleotides, lipids, cofactors, vitamins, isoprenoids, pigments and cell wall components, in addition to the proteins involved in metabolite transport. While some pathways are conserved between model cyanobacteria, such as Synechocystis, and model heterotrophic bacteria like Escherichia coli, many enzymes and/or pathways involved in the biosynthesis of key metabolites in cyanobacteria have not been completely characterized. These include pathways required for biosynthesis of chorismate and membrane lipids, nucleotides, several amino acids, vitamins and cofactors, and isoprenoids such as plastoquinone, carotenoids, and tocopherols. Moreover, our understanding of photorespiration, lipopolysaccharide assembly and transport, and degradation of lipids, sucrose, most vitamins and amino acids, and haem, is incomplete. We discuss tools that may aid our understanding of cyanobacterial metabolism, notably CyanoSource, a barcoded library of targeted Synechocystis mutants, which will significantly accelerate characterization of individual proteins.

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Three classes of oxygen-dependent cyclase involved in chlorophyll and bacteriochlorophyll biosynthesis

Cited by 35 publications

References 48 publications

Nuclear and Chloroplast Sequences Resolve the Enigmatic Origin of the Concord Grape

Nuclear and Chloroplast Sequences Resolve the Enigmatic Origin of the Concord Grape

Biosynthesis of the modified tetrapyrroles—the pigments of life

Current knowledge and recent advances in understanding metabolism of the model cyanobacteriumSynechocystissp. PCC 6803

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