Three-Component Body Composition Analysis Based on Potassium and Water Determinations

Anderson, E. C.

doi:10.2172/12673234

Cited by 8 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…An alternative simple estimate of lean body mass is the 24-hr urinary creatinine excretion (25,26), since creatinine is uniquely formed in skeletal muscle. Lean body mass can be more accurately estimated by measurements of total body water (27,28), by isotope dilution techniques (29)(30)(31), by changes in total body impedance (321, by neutron activation analysis (33)(34)(35) or by densitometer (36). None of these methods has a clearly demonstrated validity in disease states (25).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy Metabolism in Patients With Acute and Chronic Liver Disease

et al. 1990

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Energy expenditure and substrate oxidation rate for fat, glucose and protein were evaluated by indirect calorimetry in 20 normal individuals, 35 patients with acute hepatitis and 22 patients with biopsy-proven alcoholic cirrhosis in the postabsorptive state. Measurements were done in the resting state after an overnight fast (10 to 12 hr). Oxygen consumption (ml/min/1.73 m2) in normal subjects, in patients with acute hepatitis and in patients with cirrhosis was 206.5 +/- 4.0 (mean +/- S.E.M.), 216.4 +/- 4.7 and 228.8 +/- 7.1 (p less than 0.05 vs. controls), respectively. When related to body surface area (kcal/min/1.73 m2), resting energy expenditure did not differ between normal subjects (0.98 +/- 0.02), patients with acute hepatitis (1.03 +/- 0.02) and cirrhotic patients (1.06 +/- 0.03). However, when related to 24-hr urinary creatinine excretion as an estimate of lean body mass, energy expenditure was increased in cirrhosis (p less than 0.0001). In cirrhosis an inverse association between the severity of liver disease according to Pugh and oxygen consumption and resting energy expenditure was found. In cirrhotic patients the percentages of total calories derived from fat (86% +/- 5%), carbohydrate (2% +/- 4%) and protein (12% +/- 1%) were different from those of normal controls who metabolized 45% +/- 4%, 38% +/- 4%, 17% +/- 1%, respectively. In acute hepatitis no alterations in metabolism could be found apart from a decreased protein oxidation rate. In conclusion no appreciable changes in energy metabolism exist in acute hepatitis. The pattern of fuel use in cirrhosis resembles that in starvation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy Metabolism in Patients With Acute and Chronic Liver Disease

et al. 1990

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“…Lean body mass. Total body water (TBW) was calculated from the dilution ofthe bolus oftritiated water (20,36) as follows: TBW = 3H20 bolus (dpm)/3H20 concentration in plasma, where plasma water is assumed to represent 93% of plasma volume. Lean body mass (LBM) is then estimated as follows: LBM = TBW/0.73, where 0.73 is the ratio of TBW to LBM.…”

Section: Analytical Determinationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of physiologic hyperinsulinemia on glucose and lipid metabolism in cirrhosis.

Petrides¹,

Groop²,

Riely³

et al. 1991

J. Clin. Invest.

140

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Insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity were evaluated in eight clinically stable cirrhotic patients and in 12 controls. OGTT was normal in cirrhotics but plasma insulin response was increased approximately twofold compared with controls. Subjects received a three-step (0.1, 0.5, 1.0 mU/kg -min) euglycemic insulin clamp with indirect calorimetry, 16-311J-glucose, and 11-"CJ-palmitate. During the two highest insulin infusion steps glucose uptake was impaired (333±031 vs. 5.06±0.40 mg/ kg. min, P < 0.01, and 6.09+0.50 vs. 7.95±0.52 mg/kg.m-, P < 0.01). Stimulation of glucose oxidation by insulin was normal; in contrast, nonoxidative glucose disposal (i.e., glycogen synthesis) was markedly reduced. Fasting (r = -0.553, P < 0.01) and glucose-stimulated (r = -0.592, P < 0.01) plasma insulin concentration correlated inversely with the severity of insulin resistance. Basal hepatic glucose production was normal in cirrhotics and suppressed normally with insulin. In postabsorptive state, plasma FFA conc (933±42 vs. 711±44 Mmol/ liter, P < 0.01) and FFA turnover (9.08±1.20 vs. 6. 03±0.53 ,umol/kg min, P < 0.01) were elevated in cirrhotics despite basal hyperinsulinemia; basal FFA oxidation was similar in cirrhotic and control subjects. With low-dose insulin infusion, plasma FFA oxidation and turnover failed to suppress normally in cirrhotics. During the two higher insulin infusion steps, all parameters of FFA metabolism suppressed normally. In summary, stable cirrhotic patients with normal glucose tolerance exhibit marked insulin resistance secondary to the impaired nonoxidative glucose disposal. Our results suggest that chronic hyperinsulinism may be responsible for the insulin resistance observed in cirrhosis. (J. Clin. Invest. 1991. 88:561-570.)

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“…The limitations of two-compartment methods led Siri (1961), Anderson (1963), and others to propose more complex multicomponent methods. There are now several well accepted multicomponent methods ( Table 1) that are designed to quantify three or more components in addition to those mentioned earlier for DXA, MRI and CT.…”

Section: Mechanisticmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anthropometry and methods of body composition measurement for research and field application in the elderly

Nuñez

Testolin

et al. 2000

Eur J Clin Nutr

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Evaluation of body composition is important in the study of human energy and protein metabolism as methods are available for quantifying energy stores and protein content at a single point in time; energy ± protein balance can be monitored over time; and dynamic measures of energy and protein metabolism can be referenced to body mass and related measurable components for between-individual comparisons. This review emphasizes the need for considering subject age when developing body composition component prediction models that are applied in elderly populations. An overview of body composition research is provided that emphasizes compartment and level de®nitions and interrelations. Two broad method categories, mechanistic and descriptive, are then critically examined in relation to their role in energy-protein metabolism and aging research. Our collective review indicates that all major body composition components are now measurable using one or more methods that are based on non age-dependent assumptions. We also found that some methods, particularly descriptive ®eld methods (eg anthropometry), may be based on age-sensitive assumptions and measurements and suggestions for future development of these methods are provided. Lastly, as body composition differences between races, cultures, and countries are now recognized, it would be useful to create international cooperative groups with the aim of developing widely applicable descriptive ®eld methods based on simple available techniques such as anthropometry and bioimpedance analysis. Science is fundamentally an exercise in measurement.' Dr Harold Varmus, NIH Director, 1999. OverviewEvaluation of human body composition relates to the topic of this workshop in two respects: methods are available for quantifying energy stores and protein content at a single point in time and energy ± protein balance can be monitored over time; and dynamic measures of energy and protein metabolism can be referenced to body mass and related measurable components for between-individual comparisons. The speci®c aim of this review is to emphasize the need for considering subject age when developing body composition component prediction models that are applied in elderly populations.

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Three-Component Body Composition Analysis Based on Potassium and Water Determinations

Abstract: Portions of this document may be illegible in electronic image products. Images are produced from the best available original document.

Cited by 8 publications

References 2 publications

Energy Metabolism in Patients With Acute and Chronic Liver Disease

Energy Metabolism in Patients With Acute and Chronic Liver Disease

Effect of physiologic hyperinsulinemia on glucose and lipid metabolism in cirrhosis.

Anthropometry and methods of body composition measurement for research and field application in the elderly

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