Three Configurations of Compact Planar Multistub Microstrip Antennas for mmW Mobile Applications

Abstract

Three configurations of compact planar multistub antennas are proposed in the frequency range of 27–29.5 GHz as candidates for the 5G standard frequency band. Each antenna consists of the same feeding part configuration but different structures for the dipole, director, and reflector parts. The feeding part is based on the substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) technology which results in compact size. The TE10 dominant mode is considered in the design procedure by HFSS software simulations. The proposed antennas have been simulated, fabricated, and measured (for S11, E, and H pattern). The simulation and measurement results show reasonable agreement for S11 and radiation patterns of E- and H-planes and impedance bandwidths. Moreover, for specific absorption rate (SAR) estimation, a three-layer human head model (skin, skull, and brain) is placed next to the antennas as the exposure source. The simulation results show the performance of the proposed antennas for low-SAR, which make them good candidates for safe usage concerning the negative impact of millimeter waves (mmWs) on human health. Finally, a comparison table is presented which verifies the compact size of our proposed antennas.

Compact 28GHz Microstrip Patch Antenna Design with Reduced SAR for 5G Applications

“…The power density can be defined as the product of an isotropic antenna's power density with its gain, it is usually calculated in mW/cm 2 . The input power for the antennas in 5G systems can be set to 15 dBm, 18 dBm and 20 dBm according to FCC [24,25] to make power density of antenna less than 100 mW/cm2. In this research the SAR (1g) and SAR (10g) of the antenna at 15 dBm input power have been simulated in human body model.…”

Design a Multistub Array Antenna at 28 GHz with Beam Switching Ability

“…In the previous author's job [12], three single element antennas have been designed, simulated, and fabricated. Also, in [13] three array antenna have been designed, simulated and one of them fabricated.…”

“…In this paper, according to one of the proposed antenna structure in [12] a phased array antenna is designed and the beam steering (rotating) property of the designed array antenna is simulated and implemented in the software. Te array antenna consists of eight single elements.…”

“…Figure 6 shows a linear phased array antenna with K elements and equally spaced by a distance d. Te direction of a wave is described by the angle θ between rays and the array normal. According to Figure 6 the array radiation pattern is written by (12).…”

Análisis de los efectos electromagnéticos de la integración de un arreglo de antena de 4 elementos con la estructura de un teléfono para bandas milimétricas

“…Es así que, se presenta el diseño de un arreglo de 4x1 antenas que opera en el rango 26 GHz a 28 GHz para teléfonos con modem 5G. Algunos trabajos disponibles en la literatura se han documentado la problemática de la performance de estos dispositivos cuando obstáculos, antes insignificantes, como el dedo humano (Nguyen et al, 2020) y o la piel humana (Lak et al 2021), (Sacco et al, 2021) se interponen en distancias cortas dentro de su campo cercano reactivo y radiante.…”