Three Consecutive Days of Interval Runs to Exhaustion Affects Lymphocyte Subset Apoptosis and Migration

Navalta, James W.; Tibana, Ramires Alsamir; Fedor, Elizabeth A.; Vieira, Amilton; Prestes, Jonato

doi:10.1155/2014/694801

Cited by 25 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…On the contrary, Simpson et al [48] observed lymphocytopenia following intensive exercises on both flat and -10 % downhill grade surfaces at 80% VO2max with no evidence of lymphocyte apoptosis and suggested that exercise-induced muscle damage is not associated with the elevation of lymphocyte apoptosis following intensive exercise. However, the rate of apoptosis in this study using Annexin-V was surprisingly low and even the peak value was lower than the resting values in other studies [5,10,28,34], indicating potential problems in detection or blood treatment techniques. Phagocytosis in damaged muscle cells may aggravate the initial mechanical stress injury.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 85%

“…Lymphocytes decrease rapidly to a level well below the pre-exercise value, whereas granulocytes can remain increased for several hours after exercise [3][4]. This decline in lymphocyte count may last from several hours up to days and may, at least in part, account for post-exercise immune suppression [5][6]. The majority of studies investigated the effects of exercise on lymphocyte apoptosis and proposed exercise intensity and duration as two determinants of lymphocyte apoptosis [7][8][9][10].…”

Section: Introduction *mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of unaccustomed downhill running on muscle damage, oxidative stress, and leukocyte apoptosis

Park

Man-Gyoon

2015

J. Exerc. Nutr, Biochem.

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Kyung-Shin Park and Man-Gyoon Lee. Effects of unaccustomed downhill running on muscle damage, oxidative stress, and leukocyte apoptosis. JENB., Vol. 19, No. 2, pp.55-63, 2015 [Purpose] The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of unaccustomed downhill running on muscle damage, oxidative stress, and leukocyte apoptosis.[Methods] Thirteen moderately trained male subjects performed three 40 min treadmill runs at ~70% VO2max on separate days: a level run (L) followed by two downhill runs (DH1 and DH2). Blood samples were taken at rest (PRE) and immediately (POST), 2 h, 24 h, and 48 h after each run. Data were analyzed using 2-way repeated measures ANOVA with post hoc Tukey tests.[Results] Creatine kinase (CK) activity and oxidative stress level were significantly elevated at 24 h and 48 h following DH1 (P < 0.05). The level of oxidative stress at the POST measurement following DH1 and DH2 was greater than PRE. The rate of leukocyte apoptosis was significantly increased at the POST measurement following all three runs, and remained elevated for up to 48 h following DH1 (P < 0.01).[Conclusion] CK activity and oxidative stress were elevated following an acute bout of moderate intensity downhill running, resulting in a greater apoptotic response at 24 h and 48 h post-exercise in comparison with level grade running or a second downhill run. These elevations were blunted following DH2. Although the link between exercise-induced muscle damage and leukocyte apoptosis is currently unknown, the differential response to DH1 vs. L and DH2 indicates that it may be mediated by the elevation of oxidative stress.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 85%

Section: Introduction *mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of unaccustomed downhill running on muscle damage, oxidative stress, and leukocyte apoptosis

Park

Man-Gyoon

2015

J. Exerc. Nutr, Biochem.

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“…2). On the other hand, the lymphocytopenia observed post-exercise could be a result of immune cell migration [42], apoptosis [11] or both [24]. Considering the effect of 6 series of Wingate anaerobic cycle tests on lymphocyte apoptosis and migration, it was reported that post-exercise lymphocytopenia was a result of immune cell migration, particularly the suppressor T cell subset, rather than apoptosis [11].…”

Section: Hematological Changes and Exercisementioning

confidence: 99%

Acute Hematological and Inflammatory Responses to High-intensity Exercise Tests: Impact of Duration and Mode of Exercise

et al. 2017

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the hematological and inflammatory responses to 4 maximal high-intensity protocols, considering energy expenditure in each test. 9 healthy volunteers performed 4 high-intensity exercise tests of short [Wingate (WANT); Repeated-sprints (RSA)] and long durations [Continuous VO test (VCONT); intermittent VO test (VINT)] in a cycle-ergometer, until exhaustion. Hematological parameters and IL-6, IL-10 and creatine kinase (CK) levels were determined before (PRE), POST, 30 min, 1, 2, 12 and 24 h after the end of the protocols. Additionally, energy expenditure was determined. Leucocytes, erythrocytes and lymphocytes increased at POST and returned to PRE values at 30 min for all protocols. Lymphocytes had a second decreased at 2 h and granulocytes increased at 2 h when compared to PRE. Both variables returned to PRE values between 12-24 h into recovery. The magnitude of response for IL-6 was greater in VINT and for IL-10 in VCONT. There was no association of energy expenditure within each exercise protocol with the pattern of IL-6, IL-10 and CK responses to the exercise protocols. The present finding support that similar responses after continuous or intermittent acute protocols are observed when exercises are performed to volitional failure, regardless of the duration and mode of exercise.

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“…Simpson postulates that the total counts of lymphocytes usually reaches baseline values in the peripheral blood up to 24 hours after the effort [18]. It was also shown that the changes in the distribution of T cell subsets, T helper (Th) and T cytotoxic (Tc), following three days of highintensity interval exercises results from the mobilization of proapoptotic proteins and migration of lymphocytes from lymphoid tissues to peripheral blood [19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

T helper cell-related changes in peripheral blood induced by progressive effort among soccer players

Kostrzewa-Nowak

Nowak

2020

PLoS ONE

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The regulatory mechanisms affecting the modulation of the immune system accompanying the progressive effort to exhaustion, particularly associated with T cells, are not fully understood. We analysed the impact of two progressive effort protocols on T helper (Th) cell distribution and selected cytokines. Methods Sixty-two male soccer players with a median age of 17 (16-29) years performed different protocols for progressive exercise until exhaustion: YO-YO (YYRL1) and Beep. Blood samples for all analyses were taken three times: at baseline, post-effort, and in recovery. Results The percentage of Th1 cells increased post-effort and in recovery. The post-effort percentage of Th1 cells was higher in the Beep group compared to the YYRL1 group. Significant post-effort increase in Th17 cells was observed in both groups. The post-effort percentage of regulatory T cells (Treg) increased in the Beep group. An increased post-effort concentration of IL-2, IL-6, IL-8 and IFN-γ in both groups was observed. Post-effort TNF-α and IL-10 levels were higher than baseline in the YYRL1 group, while the post-effort IL-17A concentration was lower than baseline only in the Beep group. The recovery IL-2, IL-4, TNF-α and IFN-γ levels were higher than baseline in the YYRL1 group. The recovery IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α and IFN-γ values were higher than baseline in the Beep group. Conclusion The molecular patterns related to cytokine secretion are not the same between different protocols for progressive effort. It seems that Treg cells are probably the key cells responsible for silencing the inflammation and enhancing anti-inflammatory pathways.

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Three Consecutive Days of Interval Runs to Exhaustion Affects Lymphocyte Subset Apoptosis and Migration

Cited by 25 publications

References 22 publications

Effects of unaccustomed downhill running on muscle damage, oxidative stress, and leukocyte apoptosis

Effects of unaccustomed downhill running on muscle damage, oxidative stress, and leukocyte apoptosis

Acute Hematological and Inflammatory Responses to High-intensity Exercise Tests: Impact of Duration and Mode of Exercise

T helper cell-related changes in peripheral blood induced by progressive effort among soccer players

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