Three decades of eating disorders in Dutch primary care: decreasing incidence of bulimia nervosa but not of anorexia nervosa

Smink, Frédérique R. E.; Hoeken, Daphne van; Donker, G.A.; Süsser, Ezra; Oldehinkel, Albertine J.; Hoek, Hans W.

doi:10.1017/s003329171500272x

Cited by 63 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Amenorrhea was removed as a criterion due to a recognition that endocrine dysregulation in anorexia nervosa is variable, and that some women with low weight and all the psychiatric features of anorexia nervosa continue to have regular menses 2 . Before these revisions, the incidence of anorexia nervosa in Europe had been stable since the 1970s according to primary care-based records 3,4 . However, the incidence seemed to be increasing among adolescent and young women aged 10–24 years according to a primary care-based study in the Netherlands and a population-based study in Rochester, Minnesota, USA 4,5 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Before these revisions, the incidence of anorexia nervosa in Europe had been stable since the 1970s according to primary care-based records 3,4 . However, the incidence seemed to be increasing among adolescent and young women aged 10–24 years according to a primary care-based study in the Netherlands and a population-based study in Rochester, Minnesota, USA 4,5 . Since the advent of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition (known as DSM-5) and broadening of the diagnostic criteria for anorexia nervosa, investigators have seen a substantial increase in the prevalence of anorexia nervosa 6,7 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The endocrine manifestations of anorexia nervosa: mechanisms and management

2016

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Anorexia nervosa is a psychiatric disorder characterized by altered body image, persistent food restriction and low body weight, and is associated with global endocrine dysregulation in both adolescent girls and women. Dysfunction of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis includes hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism with relative oestrogen and androgen deficiency, growth hormone resistance, hypercortisolaemia, non-thyroidal illness syndrome, hyponatraemia, and hypooxytocinaemia. Serum levels of leptin, an anorexigenic adipokine, are suppressed and levels of ghrelin, an orexigenic gut peptide, are elevated in women with anorexia nervosa; however, levels of peptide YY, an anorexigenic gut peptide, are paradoxically elevated. Although most, but not all, of these endocrine disturbances are adaptive to the low energy state of chronic starvation and reverse with treatment of the eating disorder, many contribute to impaired skeletal integrity, as well as neuropsychiatric comorbidities, in individuals with anorexia nervosa. Although 5–15% of those affected by anorexia nervosa are men, only limited data exists regarding the endocrine impact of the disease in adolescent boys and men. Further research is needed to understand the endocrine determinants of bone loss and neuropsychiatric comorbidities in anorexia nervosa in both women and men, as well as to formulate optimal treatment strategies.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The endocrine manifestations of anorexia nervosa: mechanisms and management

2016

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“…Whether the incidence of eating disorders (EDs) has changed over time has been a subject of debate (Smink et al, ). Earlier case register studies showed that the incidence of anorexia nervosa (AN) increased before the 1970s (Hoek, ; Keel & Klump, ), whereupon it seemed to stabilize throughout the 2000s (Currin, Schmidt, Treasure, & Jick, ; Smink et al, ; Steinhausen & Jensen, ; Van Son, Van Hoeken, Bartelds, Van Furth, & Hoek, ) and 2010s (Currin et al, ; Keel & Klump, ; Reas & Ro, ; Steinhausen & Jensen, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rates and trends in healthcare‐detected incidence of anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa: A national health insurance claim data study in Taiwan, 2002–2013

Tseng

Hsieh

et al. 2019

Intl J Eating Disorders

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Objective This study aimed to examine the incidence rates of diagnosed anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN) and their variations over time in Taiwan. Method The data of individuals with AN and BN, as defined by the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification's (ICD‐9‐CM), were extracted from merged databases by means of unique identification numbers. To fulfill the criteria of incident cases, individuals must not have had an AN or BN diagnosis in the preceding 2 years. The time trends were analyzed using Joinpoint regression analysis. Results The overall AN and BN incidence rates were 1.1 and 6.1 per 100,000, respectively. There was no significant change in the overall incidence rate for AN or both sexes across the study period. A significant increase in AN incidence occurred in the age groups of 10–14 and 30–39 years. The overall incidence rate of BN increased significantly in the few years before 2009 and then decreased. A similar trend occurred among the females and groups aged above 20 years. There was no significant change in the overall BN incidence rate over the whole period. Discussion Compared with Western countries, the AN incidence in Taiwan is very low, whereas the BN incidence is in the lower end of the range. The findings that the age of the first‐time detected AN and BN is older in Taiwan and that the significant increases in age‐specific incidence are mainly among adults suggest that more effort is needed to detect individuals with AN and BN at a younger age in Taiwan.

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“…Family, friends, social view, and feelings body parts imbalance affected body image satisfaction. Smink et al (2016) investigated bulimia nervosa and its correlation with anorexia nervosa. The purpose was to study changes in eating disorder occurrence in Netherlands during 1985-1989, 1995-1999, and 2005-2009.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Relationship between Body Image Satisfaction and Bulimia Nervosa among King Saud University Students

Aljomaa¹

2018

IES

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The study aimed at examining the relationship between body image satisfaction and bulimia nervosa among the students of education faculty at king said university students. The author used the tests of bulimia nervosa and body image test. The researcher verified tests reliability. Students from King Saud University randomly selected (No. 337) participated in the study. Overall mean of the body image satisfaction test scored 3.66 degrees, and the overall mean of the bulimia nervosa test scored 3.42 degrees. Data analysis indicated that there is a positive correlation between the body image satisfaction and bulimia nervosa, Pearson correlation coefficient scored 0.648, and bulimia nervosa predicted body image.

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Three decades of eating disorders in Dutch primary care: decreasing incidence of bulimia nervosa but not of anorexia nervosa

Abstract: The incidence rate of BN decreased significantly over the past three decades, while the overall incidence rate of AN remained stable.

Cited by 63 publications

References 42 publications

The endocrine manifestations of anorexia nervosa: mechanisms and management

The endocrine manifestations of anorexia nervosa: mechanisms and management

Rates and trends in healthcare‐detected incidence of anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa: A national health insurance claim data study in Taiwan, 2002–2013

The Relationship between Body Image Satisfaction and Bulimia Nervosa among King Saud University Students

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